Exposure to opposing temperature extremes causes comparable effects on Cardinium density but contrasting effects on Cardinium-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility
Exposure to opposing temperature extremes causes comparable effects on Cardinium density but contrasting effects on Cardinium-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.ppat.1008022
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发表时间：
2019-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Hunter, Martha S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Doremus, Matthew R.;Kelly, Suzanne E.;Hunter, Martha S.
陆生节肢动物，包括昆虫，通常含有母体遗传的细胞内共生体，这些共生体赋予宿主利益或操纵宿主繁殖，以有利于受感染的雌性后代。这些共生体可能特别容易受到热应激的影响，有可能导致共生的不稳定，并给宿主带来成本。例如，温度升高可以降低常见生殖操纵子Wolbachia的密度，并降低其杂交不亲和性(细胞质不亲和性，或CI)表型的强度。另一种操纵性共生菌Carddium hertigii侵染6-10%的节肢动物，也能诱发CI，但Carddium和Wolbachia诱导CI的分子机制几乎没有同源性。在这里，我们研究了温度是否扰乱了寄生黄蜂Encarsia suzannae的Carddium的CI表型。我们研究了温暖(白天32摄氏度/夜间29摄氏度)和凉爽(白天20摄氏度/夜间17摄氏度)温度对Carddium CI的影响，发现这两种类型的温度胁迫都改变了这种共生的方面。温暖的温度降低了共生菌密度、蛹发育时间、垂直传递率以及CI修饰和拯救的强度。低温也降低了共生菌的密度，但这导致了更强的CI，这可能是因为低温延长了寄主的蛹阶段。冷和暖调节的共生体密度降低对所产生的CI表型的相反影响表明在该系统中CI强度可能与密度无关。温度胁迫也改变了仅发生在蛹阶段的CI表型，强调了这一阶段对于CI诱导在这种共生中的重要性。
Terrestrial arthropods, including insects, commonly harbor maternally inherited intracellular symbionts that confer benefits to the host or manipulate host reproduction to favor infected female progeny. These symbionts may be especially vulnerable to thermal stress, potentially leading to destabilization of the symbiosis and imposing costs to the host. For example, increased temperatures can reduce the density of a common reproductive manipulator, Wolbachia, and the strength of its crossing incompatibility (cytoplasmic incompatibility, or CI) phenotype. Another manipulative symbiont, Cardinium hertigii, infects similar to 6-10% of Arthropods, and also can induce CI, but there is little homology between the molecular mechanisms of CI induced by Cardinium and Wolbachia. Here we investigated whether temperature disrupts the CI phenotype of Cardinium in a parasitic wasp host, Encarsia suzannae. We examined the effects of both warm (32 degrees C day/29 degrees C night) and cool (20 degrees C day/17 degrees C night) temperatures on Cardinium CI and found that both types of temperature stress modified aspects of this symbiosis. Warm temperatures reduced symbiont density, pupal developmental time, vertical transmission rate, and the strength of both CI modification and rescue. Cool temperatures also reduced symbiont density, however this resulted in stronger CI, likely due to cool temperatures prolonging the host pupal stage. The opposing effects of cool and warm-mediated reductions in symbiont density on the resulting CI phenotype indicates that CI strength may be independent of density in this system. Temperature stress also modified the CI phenotype only if it occurred during the pupal stage, highlighting the likely importance of this stage for CI induction in this symbiosis.