A literature review of Microgrids: A functional layer based classification
A literature review of Microgrids: A functional layer based classification
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DOI：
10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.025
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发表时间：
2016-09
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
F. Martín-Martínez;A. Sánchez-Miralles;M. Rivier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Martín-Martínez;A. Sánchez-Miralles;M. Rivier
在追求更可持续的电力输送过程中，分布式能源的运行和弹性相关问题变得尤为重要。微电网可以对这两个问题作出重大贡献，并可能在新的分散电力系统范例中发挥重要作用。本文提出了一种网格分层组织方案，明确区分了微网格、纳米网格和微网格概念，并进行了详细的技术文献综述，以识别和分类网格的主要特征和设计方案。定义;对微网格、纳米网格、微网格的描述；操作模式;业务模型和通信协议分散在文献中。为了清楚地收集所有现有的信息，受智能电网体系结构描述中常用的功能层的启发，本文按照四个功能层进行了组织。对于每一个方案，只要有可能，本文以表格形式对审查结果进行分类，以帮助总结不同的方案。关于第一层，本文描述了mg中涉及的不同物理设备，例如发电机，转换器，电动汽车（EV）和能量存储系统（DS）以及正在讨论的直流电平。对于第二层，本文对当前使用或提议的通信协议进行了回顾。然后，对情报层进行分析，涉及与mg的操作和规划有关的任何决策问题，以及可能与利用mg潜力相关的任何其他方面。在最后一层，本文回顾了适应未来部署mg的不同业务模型。最后，本文对世界各地的MG实践经验进行了详尽的回顾，并根据前面提出的问题进行了分类，并简要讨论了MG部署中需要解决的关键点。
Operation of distributed energy resources and resilience related problems are becoming of most importance in the pursuit for a more sustainable electricity delivery. Microgrids (MGs) could contribute significantly to both issues and may play an important role in the new decentralized paradigm of power systems. This paper proposes a hierarchical organizational scheme of MGs with a clear distinction of the Microgrid, Nanogrid and Picogrid concepts, and addresses a detailed technical literature review to identify and classify MGs main features and design alternatives. Definitions; descriptions of MGs, Nanogrids, Picogrids; operation modes; business models and communication protocols are dispersed in the literature. In order to gather clearly all the existing information, this review has been organized according to four functional layers, inspired by the ones commonly used in Smart Grid architecture description. For each one and whenever possible, the paper classifies the outcomes of the review in a table kind of format that helps summarizing the different MGs׳ options. Regarding the first layer, the paper describes the different physical devices involved in MGs, such as generators, converters, electric vehicles (EV) and energy storage systems (DS) and the DC levels that are being discussed. For the second layer the paper addresses a review of the communication protocols currently used or proposed. Then, the intelligence layer is analyzed concerning any decision making issue related to operation and planning of the MGs as well as any other aspect that may be relevant for taking advantage of MGs potentiality. In the last layer, the paper reviews different business models adapted to a future where MGs will be deployed. Finally, the paper ends with an exhaustive review of the practical MG experiences in place worldwide, classified according to the issues presented previously, and a brief discussion of the key points to be addressed in the MGs deployment.