Endocrine, immune, and behavioral effects of aldicarb (carbamate), atrazine (triazine) and nitrate (fertilizer) mixtures at groundwater concentrations
Endocrine, immune, and behavioral effects of aldicarb (carbamate), atrazine (triazine) and nitrate (fertilizer) mixtures at groundwater concentrations
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DOI：
10.1177/074823379901500111
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发表时间：
1999-02
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
J. Jaeger;I. Carlson;W. Porter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Jaeger;I. Carlson;W. Porter
本文介绍了用5年时间研究的涕灭威、阿特拉津和硝酸盐混合剂对内分泌、免疫和神经系统功能相互作用的结果。所用化学品的浓度与所有三种化合物的当前最大污染物水平（mcl）的浓度相同。美国各地的地下水中都存在这样的水平。给药是通过自愿饮用饮用水。我们采用分数和全因子设计，中心重复来确定多因素效应。我们在实验中使用慢性剂量，持续时间从22天到103天不等。我们测试了野鹿鼠（Peromyscus maniculatus）和白种瑞士韦氏鼠（Mus musculus） ND4株)的甲状腺激素水平、对外源蛋白产生抗体的能力和攻击性的变化。内分泌、免疫和行为的改变是由混合物剂量引起的，但很少是由同一浓度的单一化合物引起的。免疫分析数据表明，低剂量可能产生季节性影响。我们提出了一个多层次模型来帮助解释人类健康和生物保护问题背景下的数据。我们讨论了目前注册农药的六个测试缺陷，并提出了如果目前的农药使用趋势继续下去，人类健康问题的领域。
This paper describes the results of 5 years of research on interactive effects of mixtures of aldicarb, atrazine, and nitrate on endocrine, immune, and nervous system function. The concentrations of chemicals used were the same order of magnitude as current maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for all three compounds. Such levels occur in groundwater across the United States. Dosing was through voluntary consumption of drinking water. We used fractional and full factorial designs with center replicates to determine multifactor effects. We used chronic doses in experiments that varied in duration from 22 to 103 days. We tested for changes in thyroid hormone levels, ability to make antibodies to foreign proteins, and aggression in wild deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus, and white outbred Swiss Webster mice, Mus musculus, ND4 strain. Endocrine, immune, and behavior changes occurred due to doses of mixtures, but rarely due to single compounds at the same concentrations. Immune assay data suggest the possibility of seasonal effects at low doses. We present a multiple-level model to help interpret the data in the context of human health and biological conservation concerns. We discuss six testing deficiencies of currently registered pesticides, and suggest areas of human health concerns if present trends in pesticide use continue.