STATIC PHENOMENA NEAR CRITICAL POINTS - THEORY AND EXPERIMENT
STATIC PHENOMENA NEAR CRITICAL POINTS - THEORY AND EXPERIMENT
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DOI：
10.1103/revmodphys.39.395
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发表时间：
1967-01-01
影响因子：
44.1
通讯作者：
KANE, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
KADANOFF, LP;GOTZE, W;KANE, J
本文对临界点附近的行为进行了理论与实验的比较。主要的实验结果是“临界指数”，它描述了各种热力学导数和相关函数的奇异性。这些指标列表，并与理论进行比较。通过引入序参量概念的分子场方法，介绍了基本的理论思想，并指出不同的相变问题之间有着密切的联系。虽然这个理论在定性上是正确的，但在定量上是错误的，它预测了临界指数的错误值。另一种理论方法，“标度律”的概念，它预测这些指数之间的关系，描述。的实验证据和反对的标度律进行评估。有人建议，标度律提供了一个很有前途的方法来理解的现象附近的临界点，但它们绝不是由现有的实验数据证明或证伪。
This paper compares theory and experiment for behavior very near critical points. The primary experimental results are the" critical indices" which describe singularities in various thermodynamic derivatives and correlation functions. These indices are tabulated and compared with theory. The basic theoretical ideas are introduced via the molecular field approach, which brings in the concept of an order parameter and suggests that there are close relations among different phase transition problems. Although this theory is qualitatively correct it is quantitatively wrong, it predicts the wrong values of the critical indices. Another theoretical approach, the" scaling law" concept, which predicts relations among these indices, is described. The experimental evidence for and against the scaling laws is assessed. It is suggested that the scaling laws provide a promising approach to understanding phenomena near the critical point, but that they are by no means proved or disproved by the existing experimental data.