Probable Observation of Quantized Vortex Lines Through Solid He Under DC Rotation
Probable Observation of Quantized Vortex Lines Through Solid He Under DC Rotation
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直流旋转下固态氦量子化涡旋线的可能观测
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
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通讯作者：
M. Kubota
中科院分区：
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作者：
M. Yagi;A. Kitamura;Nobutaka Shimizu;Y. Yasuta;M. Kubota
我们报告如何可以检测到在圆柱形容器中的超流体在精心设计的扭转振荡器（TO）实验下直流旋转的量子化涡旋。我们展示了人造3D超流体的情况（Fukuda等人，在Phys. Rev. B 71：212502，2005中），其由凝结在多孔玻璃基底上的无Kosterlits-He的2D He膜制成，该多孔玻璃基底具有良好控制的孔径的3D连接表面。通过考虑每个涡线周围的圆形量子化超流以及与热激发的2D涡的相互作用，我们理解了在DC旋转下具有额外能量耗散峰的TO实验结果，如Fukuda等人（Phys. Rev. B 71：212502，2005）以及Nemirovskii和Sonin（Phys. Rev. B 76：224507，2007）中所讨论的。我们在这里讨论hcp固体4 He的情况（见前。Balibar和Caupin在J. Phys.，康登斯Matter 20：173201-1-19，2008），并且显示了在超固体转变温度以下观察到涡线渗透的证据（Kubota等人，J. Low Temp. 158：572，2010）、Tc，其中实现了宏观相位相干。在完全相同的温度Tc下发现，低于该温度时发生滞后（Shimizu et al. in arXiv：0903.1326，2009）。对于hcp固体4 He，我们已经报道了涡旋流体（VF）状态起始温度（Penzev等人，在Phys. Rev. Lett. 101：065301，2008）T0 = 1000 mK，通过详细的驱动速度，使用T0技术的Vac依赖性研究。hcp ~ 4 He的TO响应的特征是在100 mK附近的Tp处出现能量耗散的峰值，类似于KT跃迁的行为。真实的超固态（SS）状态发生在低于Tp且远低于To的Tc处。我们观察到的在Tc以下的涡旋线穿透的证据以及VF态的性质支持了hcp 4 He与“新型超导体”具有某些特征的想法，其中涡旋态，包括VF以及各种涡旋固态，已经被普遍讨论（Fisher等人，Phys. Rev. B 43（1）：130，1991; Leggett，Quantum Liquids，Oxford University Press，伦敦，2006）。
We report how one can detect quantized vortices in superfluids contained in cylindrical vessels in well-designed torsional oscillator (TO) experiments under DC rotation. We show the case of an artificial 3D superfluid (Fukuda et al. in Phys. Rev. B 71:212502, 2005) which is made of Kosterlits-Thouless 2D He film condensed on a porous glass substrate with a 3D connected surface of well-controlled pore size. We understand the TO experimental results with an extra energy dissipation peak under DC rotation by considering the circular quantized superflow around each of the vortex lines and interaction with thermally excited 2D vortices as discussed in Fukuda et al. (Phys. Rev. B 71:212502, 2005) and in Nemirovskii and Sonin (Phys. Rev. B 76: 224507, 2007). We discuss here the case of hcp solid 4He (see for ex. Balibar and Caupin in J. Phys., Condens. Matter 20:173201-1-19, 2008) and show the evidence of observation of the vortex lines penetration below a supersolid transition temperature (Kubota et al. in J. Low Temp. Phys. 158:572, 2010), Tc, where macroscopic phase coherence is realized. It is found at exactly the same temperature Tc, below which the hysteresis occurrs (Shimizu et ail. in arXiv:0903.1326, 2009). For hcp solid 4He we have reported the vortex fluid (VF) state onset temperature (Penzev et al. in Phys. Rev. Lett. 101:065301, 2008) To=∼500 mK, by detailed drive velocity, Vac dependence study using TO technique. The TO response of the hcp 4He is characterized by the energy dissipation peaked at Tp near 100 mK similar to the behavior in a KT transition. The real supersolid (SS) state occurs at Tc below Tp and much lower than To. Our observation of the evidence of vortex lines penetration just below Tc together with the VF state properties gives support for the idea that hcp 4He shares some features with the “new type of superconductors”, where the vortex state, involving the VF as well as various vortex solid states, has been commonly discussed (Fisher et al. in Phys. Rev. B 43(1):130, 1991; Leggett in Quantum Liquids, Oxford University Press, London, 2006).