Does Ukraine Have a History
Does Ukraine Have a History
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乌克兰有历史吗
作者：
M. Hagen
对于这个看似简单的问题，一名乌克兰学者提出了一个答案，他反驳说，如果乌克兰有未来，那么乌克兰就会有历史。因此，他正确地将包括国际政治在内的政治置于讨论的中心。当然，这个问题的一个简单答案是，占领当代乌克兰国家的人民和机构有一段历史，在生活经验的意义上，我们所有人都有我们可以呼吁的过去的方式。但如果我们重新问这个问题，“乌克兰有历史吗？”这一次是指对那段经历的书面记录，在国际学术界和政界获得了一些广泛的接受和权威，那么答案就不那么简单了。这篇论文的标题呼应了乌克兰历史学家Serhii Bilokin的一篇重要文章《Chy Maemo my istorychnu nauku？‘-字面意思是“我们有历史科学吗？”也许更清楚地翻译为“我们有历史学术的传统吗？”顺便说一句，比洛金令人信服地辩称，现在谈论这些传统还为时过早。如果我们离开乌克兰，把目光投向历史教学的政治地理，我们几乎不会发现人们认识到乌克兰有一段历史。在英美、德国和日本的主要学术中心，乌克兰历史作为一个领域(除了几个重要的例外情况)本身并不存在；这些例外情况只是证实了一般规则。加拿大政府和加拿大乌克兰移民资助了在加拿大的乌克兰历史和文化，但这里存在一种“不正常”的情况，因为几乎所有的学者都是乌克兰血统。这一事实使“主流”历史学家能够将乌克兰历史描述为“寻根”、国家倡导或其他党派恳求，并否认这一领域所寻求的评价。
One answer to this seemingly simple question was suggested by a Ukrainian scholar when he retorted that if Ukraine has a future, then Ukraine will have a history. He thereby correctly put politics, including international politics, at the center of the discussion. A simple answer to the question is, of course, that the peoples and institutions that occupy the contemporary state of Ukraine have a history, in the sense of lived experience, wie es eigentlich gewesen ist, the way all of us have pasts to which we can appeal. But if we re-ask the question, "Does Ukraine have a history?" and mean this time a written record of that experienced past that commands some widespread acceptance and authority in the international scholarly and political communities, then the answer is not so simple. The title of this paper echoes an important essay by Ukrainian historian Serhii Bilokin', "Chy maemo my istorychnu nauku?"'-literally "do we have historical science?" perhaps more clearly translated "Do we have a tradition of historical scholarship?" Bilokin', by the way, persuasively argues that it is too early to speak of such traditions. If we leave Ukraine and look to the political geography of history teaching, we find virtually no recognition that Ukraine has a history. In major Anglo-American, German and Japanese academic centers, Ukrainian history as a field (with a couple of important exceptions) does not exist per se; the exceptions only confirm the general rule. The Canadian government and Canadian Ukrainian emigrants subsidize Ukrainian history and culture in Canada, but here an "abnormal" situation exists in that nearly all the scholars are of Ukrainian descent. This fact has allowed "mainstream" historians to characterize Ukrainian history as "searching for roots," national advocacy or some other partisan pleading, and to deny the field the valorization it seeks as