Airtightness of Estonian dwellings – median and base-values for heat loss estimation.
Airtightness of Estonian dwellings – median and base-values for heat loss estimation.
复制标题
爱沙尼亚住宅的气密性 - 热损失估计的中值和基值。
DOI：
10.1088/1742-6596/2654/1/012063
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ergo Pikas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Hallik;T. Kalamees;Ergo Pikas
2003年至2022年期间对爱沙尼亚独立式房屋和公寓楼的密封性进行了实地测量，并将其合并成一个大型数据集进行统计分析。根据住宅类型、建筑结构、层数、建造年份、能源分类和紧凑性因素，对1810至2022年间建造的建筑(共539座)进行了分类。对数据进行统计分析，以确定50Pa时的平均漏气率和中位数漏气率，并对分组因素内的显著差异进行检验(Kruskal-Wallis检验和后Conover检验)。在强制能源性能认证实施后建造的建筑物在所有建筑结构类型中的平均漏风率(1.6立方米/(小时·平方米))明显低于旧建筑(6.9立方米/(小时·平方米))，尽管原木和砖结构类型的平均漏风率略高。以前的漏气测量经验有助于在建筑工地实现更好的气密性。在一家建筑公司内进行系统和重复的测量实践，显著降低了新混凝土建筑的漏气率。对老旧建筑的详细评估表明，与预制的大混凝土面板、石材和小砌块墙砖建筑相比，所有木质建筑类型的漏风率和可变性都明显更高。2010年前建成的所有公寓楼的漏风率都明显低于独立住宅，而新建筑的漏风率则没有差异。与空气渗漏率的平均值和中位数一起计算基准值Q E50，计算所有建筑类型和年龄组的基准值，包括每组内50%左右的测量建筑的平均值和84%的可信区间。计算出的漏风率的平均值、中位数和基准值为更准确地估计地区或建筑层面的热损失提供了一种方法，基于建筑年限、建筑类型和其他建筑信息数据，对不同改造策略的节能潜力进行建模。
The field measurements of airtightness in Estonian detached houses and apartment buildings, conducted between 2003 – 2022, were combined into a large dataset for statistical analysis. The buildings (539 in total) constructed between 1810 and 2022 were classified based on dwelling type, building structure, number of storeys, year of construction, energy classification and compactness factors. The data was statistically analysed to determine the mean and median air leakage rates at 50 Pa and tested (Kruskal-Wallis test with post-hoc Conover test) for significant differences within the grouping factors. Buildings constructed after the enforcement of the compulsory Energy Performance certification have on average across all building structure types significantly lower mean air leakage rate (1.6 m3/(h·m2)) than older buildings (6.9 m3/(h·m2)), although log-wood and brick construction types feature slightly higher average air leakage rate. Previous experience with air leakage measurements help to achieve better airtightness on building site. A systematic and recurring measurement practice within a single construction company leads to significantly lower air leakage also for new concrete buildings. Detailed assessment of older buildings showed that all timber-based construction types had significantly higher air leakage rate along with higher variability compared to precast large concrete panel stone and small block wall and brick buildings. All apartment buildings built before 2010 had significantly lower air leakage rate compared to detached houses while there was no difference in new buildings. Along with the mean and median value a base value of air leakage rate q E50,base was calculated for all construction types and age groups including 50% of measured buildings around the mean within each group with 84 % confidence interval. The calculated mean, median and base values of air leakage rate provide a way for more accurate heat loss estimation at the district-level or building-level modelling of energy saving potential of different retrofitting strategies based on building age, construction type and other building information data.