Characterizing the cultural niches of North American birds
Characterizing the cultural niches of North American birds
复制标题
描述北美鸟类的文化生态位
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
A. Johnston
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Schuetz;A. Johnston
物种的保护主要是由人类的决定驱动的，因此了解人们如何以及为什么对物种有不同的价值是很重要的。我们将来自谷歌搜索的联合收割机信息与数百万鸟类观察结果相结合，以描述公众对北美鸟类的兴趣。我们根据这些搜索的数量和空间模式描述了人与鸟之间的不同关系。例如，“名人”鸟类吸引了大量的谷歌搜索，即使它们并不存在;大型鸟类通常比小型鸟类更受欢迎;濒危物种在它们出现的地区引起人们的兴趣。我们的研究结果为开始探索人类与其他物种之间的复杂关系提供了一个框架，并有助于为鸟类保护策略提供信息。缓解当前生物多样性危机的努力需要更好地了解人类如何以及为什么重视其他物种。我们使用互联网查询数据和公民科学数据来描述美国621种鸟类的公共利益。我们通过量化人们使用谷歌搜索物种的频率来估计不同鸟类的相对受欢迎程度，相对于它们在环境中遇到的速度。在种内分析中，我们还量化了谷歌搜索局限于或超出人们遇到每个物种的地方的程度。由此产生的流行度和感兴趣的地理特异性的指标，使我们能够定义的文化生态位空间内的人与鸟类之间的关系方面。然后，我们估计物种特征和社会构建的标签对生态位位置的影响，以评估观察和想法在塑造公众对鸟类的兴趣方面的重要性。我们的分析表明，迁移策略，颜色，与鸟类饲养者的关联程度，特别是，身体大小对生态位的位置有明显的影响。他们还指出，文化标签，包括“濒危”，“引进”，特别是“团队吉祥物”，与公众对鸟类的兴趣的程度和地理特异性密切相关。我们的研究结果为探索人类与其他物种之间的复杂关系提供了一个框架，并使人们能够在不同的鸟类保护策略和目标中做出更明智的决策。
Significance Conservation of species is driven largely by human decisions, so it is important to understand how and why people value species differently. We combine information from Google searches with millions of bird observations to characterize public interest in North American birds. We describe different relationships between people and birds based on the volume and spatial patterns of these searches. For example, “celebrity” birds attract high numbers of Google searches, even where they do not occur; large birds are generally more popular than small birds; and endangered species attract interest in the regions where they occur. Our results provide a framework for beginning to explore complex relationships between humans and other species and help to inform bird conservation strategies. Efforts to mitigate the current biodiversity crisis require a better understanding of how and why humans value other species. We use Internet query data and citizen science data to characterize public interest in 621 bird species across the United States. We estimate the relative popularity of different birds by quantifying how frequently people use Google to search for species, relative to the rates at which they are encountered in the environment. In intraspecific analyses, we also quantify the degree to which Google searches are limited to, or extend beyond, the places in which people encounter each species. The resulting metrics of popularity and geographic specificity of interest allow us to define aspects of relationships between people and birds within a cultural niche space. We then estimate the influence of species traits and socially constructed labels on niche positions to assess the importance of observations and ideas in shaping public interest in birds. Our analyses show clear effects of migratory strategy, color, degree of association with bird feeders, and, especially, body size on niche position. They also indicate that cultural labels, including “endangered,” “introduced,” and, especially, “team mascot,” are strongly associated with the magnitude and geographic specificity of public interest in birds. Our results provide a framework for exploring complex relationships between humans and other species and enable more informed decision-making across diverse bird conservation strategies and goals.