Historical Aspects of Human Milk Oligosaccharides
Historical Aspects of Human Milk Oligosaccharides
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DOI：
10.3945/an.111.001776
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发表时间：
2012-05-01
影响因子：
9.3
通讯作者：
Kunz, Clemens
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kunz, Clemens
这篇评论集中在1900年左右母乳喂养不被认为是一个重要问题时，关于婴儿健康的重要观察。乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌的发现及其与健康和疾病的相关性是一个重要的里程碑，导致出生后第一年婴儿死亡率下降。与此同时，儿科医生意识到母乳喂养和奶瓶喂养婴儿的粪便成分不同。观察表明，这种差异与牛奶成分有关，特别是由于牛奶碳水化合物部分。大约在1930年，一种被称为gynolactose的人乳碳水化合物成分被鉴定出来。这是母乳低聚糖（HMO）研究的起点。在接下来的几年里，第一个HMO被确定，他们的功能进行了调查。1950年以后的研究集中在鉴定各种HMO作为人乳中的双歧因子。在接下来的30年里，人们进行了大量的研究，以表征牛奶中的单个HMO和HMO模式。在这个简短的介绍HMO研究的历史，这结束了大约1980年，一些杰出的科学家在儿科和化学和他们的开拓性贡献的研究领域的HMO介绍。高级Nutr. 3：430S-439S，2012.
This review focuses on important observations regarding infant health around 1900 when breastfeeding was not considered a matter of importance. The discovery of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria and their relevance for health and disease was an important milestone leading to a decrease in infant mortality in the first year of life. At the same time, pediatricians realized that the fecal composition of breast-fed and bottle-fed infants differed. Observations indicated that this difference is linked to milk composition, particularly due to the milk carbohydrate fraction. Circa 1930, a human milk carbohydrate fraction called gynolactose was identified. This was the starting point of research on human milk oligosaccharides (HMO). In the following years, the first HMO were identified and their functions investigated. Studies after 1950 focused on the identification of various HMO as the bifidus factor in human milk. In the following 30 years, a tremendous amount of research was done with regard to the characterization of individual HMO and HMO patterns in milk. In this short introduction to the history of HMO research, which ends circa 1980, some outstanding scientists in pediatrics and chemistry and their pioneering contributions to research in the field of HMO are presented. Adv. Nutr. 3: 430S-439S, 2012.