Estimating exposure to volatile organic compounds from municipal water-supply systems: Use of a better computational model
Estimating exposure to volatile organic compounds from municipal water-supply systems: Use of a better computational model
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DOI：
10.1080/00039896.1996.9936029
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发表时间：
1996-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Reyes, JJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Aral, MM;Maslia, ML;Reyes, JJ
康涅狄格州索辛顿供水系统的特点是配水网络包含 1700 多个不同直径和建筑材料的管道段、超过 186 英里（299 公里）的管道、9 个抽水量超过 4700 加仑/分钟（0.2965 m(3)/s）的地下水提取井以及 3 个市政水库。 20 世纪 70 年代，挥发性有机化合物污染了底层地下水库，污染了供水系统，并使该镇居民接触到挥发性有机化学物质。我们将计算模型应用于供水系统，以表征和量化管道中挥发性有机化合物的分布，并据此估计该镇居民潜在暴露的人口分布。根据建模分析的结果，我们得出以下结论： (a) 一个人口普查区与另一个人口普查区之间的挥发性有机化合物污染暴露情况可能存在显着差异，即使这些人口普查区在指定半径内彼此相邻； (b) 在高峰需求条件下，配水系统中污染的最大空间扩散可能不会发生，因此，暴露人口的最大空间分布也可能与高峰需求条件不相符，(c) 使用拟议的计算模型可以采用更精细和严格的方法来估计人口普查区块级污染，以进行暴露评估和流行病学调查。
The Southington, Connecticut, water-supply system is characterized by a distribution network that contains more than 1700 pipeline segments of varying diameters and construction materials, more than 186 mi (299 km) of pipe, 9 groundwater extraction wells capable of pumping more than 4700 gal/min (0.2965 m(3)/s), and 3 municipal reservoirs. Volatile organic compounds, which contaminated the underlying groundwater reservoir during the 1970s, contaminated the water-supply system and exposed the town's residents to volatile organic chemicals. We applied a computational model to the water-supply system to characterize and quantify the distribution of volatile organic compounds in the pipelines, from which we estimated the demographic distribution of potential exposure to the town's residents. Based on results from modeling analyses, we concluded the following: (a) exposure to volatile organic compound contamination may vary significantly from one census block to another, even when these census blocks are adjacent to each other within a specified radius; (b) maximum spatial spread of contamination in a water-distribution system may not occur under peak demand conditions, and, therefore, maximum spatial distribution of the exposed population also may not correspond to peak demand conditions, and (c) use of the proposed computational model allows for a more refined and rigorous methodology with which to estimate census-block-level contamination for exposure assessment and epidemiologic investigations.