'Boys will be boys': traditional Xhosa male circumcision, HIV and sexual socialisation in contemporary South Africa
'Boys will be boys': traditional Xhosa male circumcision, HIV and sexual socialisation in contemporary South Africa
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DOI：
10.1080/13691050701861447
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Vincent, Louise
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vincent, Louise
男性割礼仪式是南非科萨人最神秘、最神圣的仪式之一。最近，同修中惊人的死亡率和伤亡率引起了媒体的关注，政府的监管也集中在传统的割礼上。虽然几个世纪以来，仪式的许多物理组成部分几乎没有改变，但其文化和社会意义并没有保持不变。本文试图理解这些文化和社会意义是如何转变的，特别是关于对性的态度和割礼学校传统上在科萨青年的性社会化中所扮演的角色。人们常常为割礼仪式辩护，理由是它可以作为维持社会秩序的一种机制，特别是在人们认为青少年性行为危机的情况下，这种危机的特点是基于性别的暴力和艾滋病毒感染程度极高。然而，这篇论文提出了传统科萨人割礼发生变化的两个关键方面。其中包括包皮环切学校曾经在年轻男性的性社会化中所扮演的角色的侵蚀，以及一种观念的出现，即开始给予男性无限制和毫无疑问的性权利，而不是标志着性责任和性约束被引入年轻男性的生活方式。
Ritual male circumcision is among the most secretive and sacred of rites practiced by the Xhosa of South Africa. Recently, the alarming rate of death and injury among initiates has led to the spotlight of media attention and government regulation being focused on traditional circumcision. While many of the physical components of the ritual have been little altered by the centuries, its cultural and social meanings have not remained unchanged. This paper attempts to understand how some of these cultural and social meanings have shifted, particularly with respect to attitudes towards sex and the role that circumcision schools traditionally played in the sexual socialisation of Xhosa youth. Ritual circumcision is often defended on the basis of its usefulness as a mechanism for the maintenance of social order, particularly in relation to the perceived crisis in youth sexuality marked by extremely high levels of gender-based violence as well as HIV infection. However, the paper suggests two key ways in which traditional Xhosa circumcision has changed. These include the erosion of the role which circumcision schools once played in the sexual socialisation of young men and the emergence of the idea that initiation gives men the unlimited and unquestionable right to access to sex rather than marking the point at which sexual responsibility and restraint is introduced into the lifestyle of young men.