A Theory of Racialized Organizations
A Theory of Racialized Organizations
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DOI：
10.1177/0003122418822335
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发表时间：
2019-02-01
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
Ray, Victor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ray, Victor
组织理论学者通常将组织视为种族中立的官僚结构，而种族和民族学者在很大程度上忽视了组织在种族社会建设中的作用。本文所发展的理论将这些子领域联系起来，认为组织是种族结构，是将组织规则与社会和物质资源联系起来的认知图式。我开始的主张，种族是组织的基础，层次结构和过程的组成部分。接下来，我提出了四个原则：（1）种族化的组织增强或削弱了种族群体的代理;（2）种族化的组织使资源的不平等分配合法化;（3）白人是一种证书;（4）正式规则与组织实践的脱钩往往是种族化的。我认为，种族化理论必须说明国家政策和个人的态度是如何通过组织过滤和改变。将种族视为组织的组成部分有助于我们更好地理解组织的形成和日常运作。将组织纳入种族不平等的结构理论可以帮助我们更好地理解稳定，变化和种族不平等的制度化。最后，我概述了组织变革的内部和外部来源，并讨论了种族化组织理论如何为未来的研究设定议程。
Organizational theory scholars typically see organizations as race-neutral bureaucratic structures, while race and ethnicity scholars have largely neglected the role of organizations in the social construction of race. The theory developed in this article bridges these subfields, arguing that organizations are racial structures-cognitive schemas connecting organizational rules to social and material resources. I begin with the proposition that race is constitutive of organizational foundations, hierarchies, and processes. Next, I develop four tenets: (1) racialized organizations enhance or diminish the agency of racial groups; (2) racialized organizations legitimate the unequal distribution of resources; (3) Whiteness is a credential; and (4) the decoupling of formal rules from organizational practice is often racialized. I argue that racialization theory must account for how both state policy and individual attitudes are filtered through-and changed by-organizations. Seeing race as constitutive of organizations helps us better understand the formation and everyday functioning of organizations. Incorporating organizations into a structural theory of racial inequality can help us better understand stability, change, and the institutionalization of racial inequality. I conclude with an overview of internal and external sources of organizational change and a discussion of how the theory of racialized organizations may set the agenda for future research.