Economic Policy Changes and Wage Differentials in Latin America
Economic Policy Changes and Wage Differentials in Latin America
复制标题
拉丁美洲的经济政策变化和工资差异
DOI：
10.1086/520556
复制
发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
M. Székely
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Behrman;Nancy Birdsall;M. Székely
本文使用1977- 1998年18个拉丁美洲国家的新的高质量数据集，估计了自由化政策的变化对不同教育水平工资差异的影响。该方法控制所有固定和随时间变化的国家特征，其中一些可能影响政策本身。结果表明，总体而言，自由化政策的变化对扩大工资差距产生了短期的不平等效应，尽管这种效应往往会随着时间的推移而消失。这种失衡效应是由于国内金融市场改革、资本账户自由化和税收改革的强烈影响。然而，私有化有助于缩小工资差距，而贸易开放程度的提高对工资差距没有显著影响。技术进步，而不是贸易流动，似乎是政策变化影响不平等的渠道。
This article presents estimates of the impact of changes in liberalization policies on wage differentials by schooling level using a new high‐quality data set for 18 Latin American countries for 1977–98. The method controls for all fixed and time‐varying country characteristics, some of which may affect the policies themselves. The results indicate that liberalizing policy changes overall have had a short‐run disequalizing effect of expanding wage differentials, although this effect tends to fade away over time. This disequalizing effect is due to the strong impact of domestic financial market reform, capital account liberalization, and tax reform. However, privatization contributed to narrowing wage differentials, and increasing trade openness had no significant effect on wage differentials. Technological progress, rather than trade flows, appears to be a channel through which policy changes are affecting inequality.