Drinking and problem drinking in US women. Patterns and recent trends.
Drinking and problem drinking in US women. Patterns and recent trends.
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美国女性的饮酒和饮酒问题。
DOI：
10.1007/0-306-47138-8_3
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wilsnack,RW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wilsnack,SC;Wilsnack,RW
总体人口调查显示，在20世纪80年代，美国女性饮酒的比例略有下降。使用相同的饮酒措施对1981年和1991年的全国调查进行比较，结果显示，1991年大量饮酒的女性更少，女性饮酒者饮酒频率更低，重度饮酒次数更少，尽管年轻饮酒者报告的醉酒次数更多。对5年来饮酒行为变化的纵向分析表明，在21至34岁的女性中，进入和退出问题饮酒的人数最多。酗酒和/或不良饮酒后果比率较高的女性亚群包括年轻女性、缺乏社会角色或处于不必要的社会地位的女性、从事非传统工作的女性、同居女性和经历快速适应的少数民族女性。在丈夫或伴侣酗酒、抑郁、性功能障碍或在童年或成年时遭受暴力侵害的女性中，酗酒和/或问题饮酒的风险也更大。未来的研究应该集中在(1)最近女性饮酒减少的原因和后果；(2)女性使用多种药物的特定模式的前因后果；(3)女性饮酒的社会和关系背景，包括职业影响、重要他人的饮酒行为、性功能障碍和关系暴力；(4)问题饮酒开始和女性酒精问题“自发”缓解的纵向预测因素；以及(5)儿童期性虐待是女性日后酗酒的潜在危险因素。
General population surveys suggest that the percentage of US women who drink declined slightly during the 1980s. Comparisons of 1981 and 1991 national surveys using the same drinking measures show that fewer women drank heavily in 1991, and women drinkers drank less frequently and had fewer episodes of heavy drinking, although younger drinkers reported more frequent intoxication. Longitudinal analyses of 5-year changes in drinking behavior indicate that movement both into and out of problem drinking is greatest among women aged 21 to 34.Subgroups of women with elevated rates of heavy drinking and/or adverse drinking consequences include younger women; women lacking social roles or occupying unwanted social statuses; women in nontraditional jobs; cohabiting women; and ethnic minority women experiencing rapid acculturation. Risks of heavy and/or problem drinking are also greater among women with a heavy-drinking husband or partner; depression; sexual dysfunction; or violent victimization in childhood or adulthood.Future research should focus on (1) the causes and consequences of recent declines in women’s drinking; (2) antecedents and consequences of specific patterns of multiple substance use in women; (3) social and relational contexts of women’s drinking, including occupational influences, drinking behavior of significant others, sexual dysfunction, and relationship violence; (4) longitudinal predictors of both problem drinking onset and “spontaneous” remission of women’s alcohol problems; and (5) childhood sexual abuse as a potentially powerful risk factor for later alcohol abuse in women.