Mamas Baby, Papas Maybe: An American Grammar Book
Mamas Baby, Papas Maybe: An American Grammar Book
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妈妈宝贝，爸爸也许：一本美国语法书
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发表时间：
2020
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通讯作者：
Hortense i. Spillers
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作者：
H. Spillers;Hortense i. Spillers
让我们面对现实。我是一个被标记的女人，但不是每个人都知道我的名字。“桃子”和“红糖”，“蓝宝石”和“大地母亲”，“阿姨”，“奶奶”，上帝的“圣愚人”，“乌木小姐第一”，或者“讲台上的黑人女人”：我描述了一个身份混乱的地方，一个投资和贫困在国库中的汇合点。我的国家需要我，如果我不在这里，我将不得不被创造出来。W.E.B.杜波依斯早在1903年就预言，二十世纪将是“肤色界线”的世纪。我们可以在这一时空配置中增加另一个类似可怕的主题：如果可以将“黑人女性”视为精神分析理论所假定的分裂主题的一个特定形态，那么本世纪标志着“它”最深刻的启示之地。摆在我们面前的问题看起来很简单：前面一段中用引号括起来的术语隔离了过度确定的主格属性。它们嵌入了奇怪的价值论基础，展示了一种电报编码；它们是如此充满神话般的占有欲的标记，以至于埋藏在它们下面的特工没有容易的方法来坦白。在这方面，我在公共场所被称呼的名字是一个象征财产加的例子。为了让我说出一个关于我自己的更真实的词，我必须剥离一层层淡化的含义，随着时间的推移，随着时间的推移，按照特定的历史顺序，在那里等待着我自己的发明创造的任何奇迹。人称代词是为集体功能服务的。在某些人类社会，儿童的身份是由母亲的血统决定的，但美国，至少从一个作者的观点来看，并不是其中之一：“本质上，黑人社区被迫进入母系结构，因为它与美国社会的其他部分格格不入，严重阻碍了整个群体的进步，给黑人男性施加了沉重的负担，因此也给许多黑人妇女带来了沉重的负担”[Moynihan 75；重点是我的]。这个臭名昭著的私生子，从维科流放的罗马母亲到卡利班，再到希斯克利夫和乔·圣诞老人，都没有类似的官方女性。
Let’s face it. I am a marked woman, but not everybody knows my name. “Peaches” and “Brown Sugar,” “Sapphire” and “Earth Mother,” “Aunty,” “Granny,” God’s “Holy Fool,” a “Miss Ebony First,” or “Black Woman at the Podium”: I describe a locus of confounded identities, a meeting ground of investments and privations in the national treasury of rhetorical wealth. My country needs me, and if I were not here, I would have to be invented. W. E. B. DuBois predicted as early as 1903 that the twentieth century would be the century of the “color line.” We could add to this spatiotemporal confi guration another thematic of analogously terrible weight: if the “black woman” can be seen as a particular fi guration of the split subject that psychoanalytic theory posits, then this century marks the site of “its” profoundest revelation. The problem before us is deceptively simple: the terms enclosed in quotation marks in the preceding paragraph isolate overdetermined nominative properties. Embedded in bizarre axiological ground, they demonstrate a sort of telegraphic coding; they are markers so loaded with mythical prepossession that there is no easy way for the agents buried beneath them to come clean. In that regard, the names by which I am called in the public place render an example of signifying property plus. In order for me to speak a truer word concerning myself, I must strip down through layers of attenuated meanings, made an excess in time, over time, assigned by a particular historical order, and there await whatever marvels of my own inventiveness. The personal pronouns are offered in the service of a collective function. In certain human societies, a child’s identity is determined through the line of the Mother, but the United States, from at least one author’s point of view, is not one of them: “In essence, the Negro community has been forced into a matriarchal structure which, because it is so far out of line with the rest of American society, seriously retards the progress of the group as a whole, and imposes a crushing burden on the Negro male, and in consequence, on a great many Negro women as well” [Moynihan 75; emphasis mine]. The notorious bastard, from Vico’s banished Roman mothers of such sons, to Caliban, to Heathcliff, and Joe Christmas, has no offi cial female equivalent.