Evolution of human brain functions: the functional structure of human consciousness
Evolution of human brain functions: the functional structure of human consciousness
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DOI：
10.3109/00048670903270506
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Cloninger, C. Robert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cloninger, C. Robert
根据人脑功能的进化，描述了人类自我意识的功能结构。先前关于可遗传的气质和性格特征的工作被扩展到解释自我意识的量子性质和全息性质(即，部分引起整体)。分支分析被用来确定导致人类的祖先的继承。描述了沿着这一祖先谱系出现的功能能力。描述了每一次分支发生的生态背景，以说明作为一个复杂的适应系统的进化平衡的转移。回顾比较神经解剖学，以确定与新出现的大脑功能一致的大脑结构和网络。在爬行动物和人类共有的共同祖先中，人类气质特征的个体差异非常明显。哺乳动物的新皮质发育经历了五个主要的转变：从早期爬行动物到早期哺乳动物，早期灵长类动物，猿类，早期人和现代智人。这些转变分别为人类对性、物质性、情感性、知性和灵性的自我意识提供了基础。人类自我意识的功能结构涉及到对存在的五个层面的调节：性、物质性、情感性、知性和灵性。每个平面都详细阐述了围绕五种特殊感觉之一组织的新皮质功能。这五个平面之间的相互作用产生了一个5x5的子平面矩阵，这些子平面是粗略描述新皮质调节焦点的函数。这25种新皮质功能中的每一种都控制着五种基本动机或驱动力中的每一种，这些动机或驱动力可以被衡量为与恐惧、愤怒、厌恶、惊讶和快乐/悲伤相关的气质或基本情绪。由此产生的5x5x5人类特征矩阵提供了人类意识功能结构的一般和可测试的模型，该模型包括统一发展框架中的人格、肉体、情绪性、认知和灵性。
The functional structure of self-aware consciousness in human beings is described based on the evolution of human brain functions. Prior work on heritable temperament and character traits is extended to account for the quantum-like and holographic properties (i.e. parts elicit wholes) of self-aware consciousness. Cladistic analysis is used to identify the succession of ancestors leading to human beings. The functional capacities that emerge along this lineage of ancestors are described. The ecological context in which each cladogenesis occurred is described to illustrate the shifting balance of evolution as a complex adaptive system. Comparative neuroanatomy is reviewed to identify the brain structures and networks that emerged coincident with the emergent brain functions. Individual differences in human temperament traits were well developed in the common ancestor shared by reptiles and humans. Neocortical development in mammals proceeded in five major transitions: from early reptiles to early mammals, early primates, simians, early Homo, and modern Homo sapiens. These transitions provide the foundation for human self-awareness related to sexuality, materiality, emotionality, intellectuality, and spirituality, respectively. The functional structure of human self-aware consciousness is concerned with the regulation of five planes of being: sexuality, materiality, emotionality, intellectuality, and spirituality. Each plane elaborates neocortical functions organized around one of the five special senses. The interactions among these five planes gives rise to a 5 x 5 matrix of subplanes, which are functions that coarsely describe the focus of neocortical regulation. Each of these 25 neocortical functions regulates each of five basic motives or drives that can be measured as temperaments or basic emotions related to fear, anger, disgust, surprise, and happiness/sadness. The resulting 5 x 5 x 5 matrix of human characteristics provides a general and testable model of the functional structure of human consciousness that includes personality, physicality, emotionality, cognition, and spirituality in a unified developmental framework.