Accidental radiation excursion at the Oak Ridge Y-12 plant--III. Determination of radiation doses.
Accidental radiation excursion at the Oak Ridge Y-12 plant--III. Determination of radiation doses.
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DOI：
10.1097/00004032-195904000-00001
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发表时间：
1959-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
EMERSON, L C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HURST, G S;RITCHIE, R H;EMERSON, L C
I.在本系列文章的第一篇中，介绍了导致橡树岭Y-12工厂意外辐射漂移的物理事件的分析。(l)另一篇配套文章（2）专门讨论由这一事故引起的健康物理问题。本文介绍了用于得出个人接受剂量的方法。虽然我们的主要目的是描述这种特殊偏移的剂量分析，但我们将努力提出可能在类似问题中使用的方法和信息。根据个人在偏移开始时的已知位置和对集合体中裂变总数的估计，对个人所受剂量的早期估计过高。例如，雇员A接受的总剂量中的快中子部分估计为1500拉德。因此，必须假定人员在其暴露时间的很大一部分中的位置是未知的。这一事实，加上受照射的雇员没有佩戴任何类型的人员监测设备，表明剂量评估应以身体元素的激活为基础。洛斯阿拉莫德3）在帕哈里托事故中的经验表明，在体液法中，血液中的Na 24可能是最可重复的中子照射标准，特别是表明对尿液中P 32的形成知之甚少。
I. INTRODUCTION h analysis of the physical events leading to an accidental radiation excursion at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant has been presented in the first of this series of articles.(l) A companion article (2) is devoted to health physics problems arising from this accident. The present article describes the methods which were used to arrive at the doses received by the individuals. Although our main objective is to describe the dose analysis of this particular excursion, efforts will be made to present methods and information which may be of use in similar problems. Very early estimates of the doses received by the individuals, based on their known positions at the initiation of the excursion and an estimate of the total number of fissions in the assembly, were unreasonably high. For example, the fast neutron component of the total dose received by employee A was estimated to have been 1500 rads. Hence one must assume that the location of personnel during a substantial fraction of their exposure time is unknown. This fact, together with the fact that the exposed employees were not wearing any type of personnel monitoring equipment, dictates that the evaluation of dose be based on the activation of body elements. Experience at Los Alamod3) in the Pajarito accident indicates that of the body fluid methods, Na24 in blood may be the most reproducible criterion of neutron exposure and, in particular, indicates that the formation of P32 in urine is poorly understood.