The prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in HIV-positive and HIV-negative infants: KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
The prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in HIV-positive and HIV-negative infants: KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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DOI：
10.4102/ajlm.v5i1.283
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Moodley, Pravi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mdlalose, Nokukhanya;Parboosing, Raveen;Moodley, Pravi
背景：南非婴儿和儿童中B型肝炎病毒（HBV）的流行在艾滋病毒前时代已有报道。尽管南非的一般人群中HIV的高患病率的报告，艾滋病毒/HBV合并感染的婴儿和children之间的比率仍然很少reported.Objectives：我们描述了HBV感染之间的艾滋病毒阳性和艾滋病毒阴性的婴儿的分子诊断方法使用干血斑样本的患病率。这项回顾性横断面研究于2011年7月至2011年12月在一个学术转诊实验室进行，该实验室为整个南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省提供病毒诊断服务。从常规婴儿HIV诊断后丢弃的残留干血斑样本中共采集了322份研究样本。对相同比例的艾滋病毒阳性和艾滋病毒阴性婴儿样本进行了研究。使用Pearson卡方检验计算HIV阳性和HIV阴性样本之间HBV患病率的统计学差异，p值< 0.05被认为具有统计学显著性。进一步检测HBV DNA使用巢式聚合酶链反应方法performed.Results：HBV的总患病率为10%。在HIV阳性组中，161名婴儿中有21名检测出HBV阳性，而161名HIV阴性婴儿中有12名检测出HBV阳性。婴儿感染HBV的比例略高于HIV阳性的婴儿（13.0%; 95%CI 6.8-19.9）与HIV阴性的婴儿（7.5%; 95%CI 2.5-13.7; P = 0.098）相比，虽然没有统计学意义。结论：在这个婴儿队列中发现10%的HBV患病率是有临床意义的。HIV阳性和HIV阴性婴儿之间HBV感染率的非统计学显著差异表明，儿童HBV感染的高流行率可能是一个独立于HIV的问题。
Background: The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) amongst South African infants and children has been reported in the pre-HIV era. Despite the reported high prevalence of HIV in the general population of South Africa, the rate of HIV/HBV co-infection amongst infants and children remains poorly reported.Objectives: We describe the prevalence of HBV infection amongst HIV-positive and HIV-negative infants by molecular methods of diagnosis using dried blood spot samples.Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2011 and December 2011 in an academic referral laboratory offering viral diagnostic services to the entire KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. A total of 322 study samples were collected from discarded residual dried blood spot samples following routine infant diagnosis of HIV. Equal proportions of HIV-positive and HIV-negative infant specimens were studied. Statistical differences in the prevalence of HBV between the HIV-positive and HIV-negative samples were calculated using the Pearson chi-square test, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Further testing for HBV DNA using a nested polymerase chain reaction method was performed.Results: The overall prevalence of HBV was 10%. In the HIV-positive group, 21 of 161 infants tested positive for HBV compared with 12 of 161 HIV-negative infants who tested positive for HBV. The proportion of infants infected with HBV was marginally higher amongst HIV-positive infants (13.0%; 95% CI 6.8-19.9) compared with HIV-negative infants (7.5%; 95% CI 2.5-13.7; P = 0.098), though not statistically significant.Conclusion: The finding of a 10% HBV prevalence in this infant cohort is clinically significant. The non-statistically significant difference in HBV prevalence between the HIV-positive and HIV-negative infants suggests that high prevalence of HBV infection in children may be a problem independent of HIV.