Harvested White-Tailed Deer as Sentinel Hosts for Early Establishing Ixodes scapularis Populations and Risk From Vector-Borne Zoonoses in Southeastern Canada
Harvested White-Tailed Deer as Sentinel Hosts for Early Establishing Ixodes scapularis Populations and Risk From Vector-Borne Zoonoses in Southeastern Canada
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DOI：
10.1603/me12093
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发表时间：
2013-03-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Ogden, N. H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bouchard, C.;Leighton, P. A.;Ogden, N. H.
据介绍，由于最近在加拿大东南部发现了黑腿硬蜱，硬蜱传播的人畜共患病(莱姆病、人类粒细胞无形体病和巴贝斯虫病)越来越受到公共卫生的关注。利用2007-2008年在魁北克西南部捕杀的白尾鹿(Odocoileus Virginianus)，我们调查了猎杀的鹿是否可以作为早期建立壁虱种群的哨兵和壁虱传播的病原体。考虑到扑杀地点的环境特征，以及鹿的年龄和性别，我们调查了它们的扁虱感染水平是否可以识别主动监测中检测到的已知扁虱种群的位置，或者被动监测中检测到的推定扁虱种群，或者两者兼而有之。我们还使用空间聚类分析来确定从鹿采集的硬蜱感染的空间格局和硬蜱传播的人畜共患病的发生情况。在被检查的583头鹿中，有15%发现了成虫。成年公鹿的成虫数量最多(接近90%)。总体而言，分别有3%、15%和0%的收集的扁虱对伯氏疏螺旋体、无浆体吞噬细胞和微小巴贝斯虫呈聚合酶链式反应(PCR)阳性。我们的统计分析表明，鹿的性别和年龄、温度、降雨量和候鸟的壁虱扩散指数与壁虱感染水平显著相关。聚类分析发现，携带扁虱的梅花鹿和携带两个或两个以上肩袖吸虫的鹿群存在显著的聚集性，前者携带吞噬弧菌呈阳性反应。我们的研究表明，被猎杀的鹿可能会有效地作为扁虱传播的无浆体病新发地区的哨兵。它们作为早期出现的我肩虱种群和新出现的莱姆病风险的哨兵可能用途有限。
Due to recent establishment of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, in southeastern Canada, tick-borne zoonoses (Lyme disease, human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis) are of growing concern for public health. Using white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) culled in southwestern Quebec during 2007-2008, we investigated whether hunter-killed deer could act as sentinels for early establishing tick populations and for tick-borne pathogens. Accounting for environmental characteristics of culling sites, and age and sex of deer, we investigated whether their tick infestation levels could identify locations of known tick populations detected in active surveillance, presumed tick populations detected by passive surveillance, or both. We also used spatial cluster analyses to identify spatial patterns of tick infestation and occurrence of tick-borne zoonoses infection in ticks collected from the deer. Adult ticks were found on 15% of the 583 deer examined. Adult male deer had the greatest number (approximate to 90%) of adult ticks. Overall, 3, 15, and 0% of the ticks collected were polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive for Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Babesia microti, respectively. Our statistical analyses suggest that sex and age of deer, temperature, precipitation, and an index of tick dispersion by migratory birds were significantly associated with tick infestation levels. Cluster analysis identified significant clusters of deer carrying ticks PCR-positive for A. phagocytophilum, and for deer carrying two or more I. scapularis. Our study suggests that hunter-killed deer may be effective as sentinels for emerging areas of tick-borne anaplasmosis. They may have limited use as sentinels for early emerging I. scapularis tick populations and emerging Lyme disease risk.