YELLOW FEVER IN BOLIVIA, ITS HISTORY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
YELLOW FEVER IN BOLIVIA, ITS HISTORY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
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DOI：
10.4269/ajtmh.1953.2.464
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发表时间：
1953-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
DORIAMEDINA, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BEVIER, G;TORRESMUNOZ, N;DORIAMEDINA, J
黄热病在玻利维亚一直是一个重要和严重的疾病问题。早在1867年就有可能是黄热病引起的流行病的记录。自1932年黄热病服务处建立以来，已获得9635例病例的记录;其中5144例发生在埃及伊蚊的存在下，4491例是由于丛林黄热病。A.埃及伊蚊分布于玻利维亚65个地区，最高海拔580 m。上一次由这种蚊子传播的流行病发生在1936年。A.到1943年，埃及伊蚊已从玻利维亚领土上消灭，但边境地区和一个内陆地区直到1948年才重新出现。无A。从那时起就发现了埃及人。丛林黄热病病例在5个流行区周期性发生。内脏切开术发现的孤立病例，或小规模流行病，发生在众所周知的流行区以外的许多地方。1950年初在一个新的疫区发生了严重的疫情，大部分流行区同时发生黄热病。在1935- 1936年和1949- 1950年，黄热病广泛传播，而且异常严重，而在此期间，人类黄热病的发病率要低得多，这表明流行可能存在一个周期。丛林黄热病的流行与血吸虫种群的显著增加总是相关的。3种已从玻利维亚鉴定出一种血子属，预计将鉴定出另一种。目前正在实施一项系统方案，在今后4至5年内为该国海拔1 600米以下地区的人口接种疫苗。长期维持有效的黄热病服务是目前遏制该病的唯一手段。
Yellow fever has been an important and serious disease problem in Bolivia. Records exist as far back as 1867 of epidemics probably due to yellow fever. Since the establishment of the Yellow Fever Service, which introduced modern methods of diagnosis and control in 1932, records have been obtained of 9635 cases; of these 5144 occurred in the presence of Aedes aegypti and 4491 were due to jungle yellow fever. A. aegypti was found in 65 localities in Bolivia, the highest altitude being 580 m. The last epidemic transmitted by this mosquito occurred in 1936. A. aegypti was eliminated from Bolivian territory by 1943, but reinfestations of frontier localities and of one inland place occurred until 1948. No A. aegypti has been found since that time. Jungle yellow fever cases occur periodically in 5 endemic areas. Isolated cases discovered by viscerotomy, or small epidemics, have occurred in various places outside the well-known endemic areas. A serious outbreak occurred in a new epidemic area early in 1950, with yellow fever occurring in most of the endemic areas at the same time. The disease was widespread and unusually serious in 1935-36 and again in 1949-50, whereas in the interim the incidence of yellow fever in human beings was much lower, suggesting a possible cycle in prevalence. Jungle yellow fever epidemics are invariable associated with notably increased Haemagogus populations. 3 spp. of Haemagogus have been identified from Bolivia and it is expected that another will be identified. A systematic program is under way for vaccinating during the next 4 or 5 years the population in that part of the country lying below an altitude of 1600 m. The permanent maintenance of an efficient yellow fever service is the only means, at present, of keeping the disease in abeyance.