Diet quality and conspecific larval density predict functional trait variation and performance in a polyphagous frugivorous fly
Diet quality and conspecific larval density predict functional trait variation and performance in a polyphagous frugivorous fly
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2435.14042
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发表时间：
2022-03-30
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Aluja, Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pascacio-Villafan, Carlos;Righini, Nicoletta;Aluja, Martin
饲料质量和存在和丰富的同种饲养相同的食物资源是影响许多动物物种的功能性状和影响生态过程的关键因素。我们假设，在昆虫的幼虫生活在不同大小的群体在短暂的和营养变化的环境中，极端的大量营养素含量的喂养基板是一个障碍，可以克服的集体喂养行为的大量幼虫的最佳性能。我们通过实验研究了多食性实蝇Anastrepha ludens的多个未成熟和成年特征如何随其幼虫饮食质量的变化而变化（蛋白质+碳水化合物[P + C]含量为8.0%-12.6%w/w，蛋白质与碳水化合物[P/C]比为1.8-0.11）。总体而言，我们发现积极的影响，存活的未成熟和成年阶段，幼虫阶段的持续时间，蛹的重量和成虫出现的苍蝇，饮食中的P + C含量增加，其次是负面影响时，饮食中有极高的碳水化合物偏宏量营养素含量。幼虫密度有积极的，消极的和曲线的影响，取决于大量营养素的组成的食物，导致在一系列的苍蝇的反应，通过连续规模的大量营养素含量和幼虫密度组合。最佳性能的A.在低P + C含量、高P/C比和低幼虫密度的饲料中，幼虫的发育时间、体重和存活率均显著低于对照组。我们的研究结果指出，饮食介导的密度和生存到成年阶段之间的关系，这表明大量的幼虫可以平衡同种竞争的负面影响时，食物的特点是高常量营养素含量和低P/C比。我们的结论是，饮食质量和同种密度以复杂的方式相互作用，以塑造食果蝇的性状表达和性能。解决这种相互作用是关键，以促进对生活在孤立和短暂资源中的昆虫种群动态变化背后的机制的理解。阅读《华尔街日报》博客上这篇文章的免费简明语言摘要。
Diet quality and the presence and abundance of conspecifics feeding on the same food resource are critical factors that affect functional traits of many animal species and influence ecological processes. We hypothesized that in insects whose larvae live in groups of varying sizes in ephemeral and nutritionally variable environments, extreme macronutrient content in the feeding substrate is a barrier for optimal performance that can be overcome by the collective feeding behaviour of large numbers of larvae. We experimentally examined how multiple immature and adult traits of the polyphagous tephritid fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens, vary as a function of the quality of its larval diet (protein + carbohydrate [P + C] content of 8.0%-12.6% w/w, and protein-to-carbohydrate [P/C] ratio of 1.8-0.11) across extreme levels of conspecific larval densities (60-600 larvae/60 g of diet). Overall, we found positive effects on survival of immature and adult stages, the duration of the larval stage, pupal weight and adult emergence of flies, as dietary P + C content increased, followed by negative effects when the diet had extremely high carbohydrate-biased macronutrient content. Larval density had positive, negative and curvilinear effects depending on the macronutrient composition of the food, resulting in a range of fly responses through a continuous scale of macronutrient content and larval density combinations. Optimal performance of A. ludens, in terms of larval development time, body weight and survival to adulthood, was found when the diet consisted of low P + C content and high P/C ratios, and low larval densities. Our findings point to a diet-mediated relationship between density and survival to the adult stage, suggesting that large numbers (up to a point) of larvae can balance negative effects of conspecific competition when food is characterised by high macronutrient content and low P/C ratios. We conclude that diet quality and conspecific density interact in complex ways to shape trait expression and performance in a frugivorous fly. Addressing this interaction is key to advance the understanding of the mechanisms behind changes in population dynamics in insect species living in groups confined in isolated and ephemeral resources. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.