The spread of influenza and other respiratory viruses: Complexities and conjectures
The spread of influenza and other respiratory viruses: Complexities and conjectures
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DOI：
10.1086/519433
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发表时间：
2007-08-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Hall, Caroline Breese
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hall, Caroline Breese
自古以来，疾病的突然出现和蔓延一直需要人类的解释。公元前400年，希波克拉底提出包括水和空气在内的环境是重要的，而在公元2世纪，伽伦提出疾病的爆发是由吸入空气引起的。在此后的几个世纪里，主要的理论提出，疾病是由神秘的影响和空气中有害的气味引起的。瘟疫造成的大范围破坏被认为是吸入腐烂身体的腐烂蒸汽造成的。这种对“miasma”(源自希腊语“污染”)的信仰可能产生了第一个感染控制程序。被分配来处理身体的不幸的灵魂穿着长袍，兜帽上挂着填充了草药的喙，这些草药旨在过滤空气中的烟雾(图1)。流感的流行同样被认为是由于神秘因素的散布而爆发的。的确，我们现在的任期
Since ancient times, the abrupt appearance and spread of maladies has demanded and defied explanation by mankind. In 400 bc, Hippocrates suggested that the environment, including water and air, were important, and in the second century ad, Galen suggested that outbreaks of illnesses were caused by inhaled air. For centuries thereafter, the prime theories proposed that illnesses arose from mystical influences and noxious effluvia borne by air [1]. The widespread devastation inflicted by plagues was thought to result from inhaling the putrescent vapors of decaying corpses. This belief in “miasmas”(derived from the Greek word for pollution) engendered perhaps the first infection-control procedures. The unfortunate souls assigned to handle the corpses were gowned in long robes with hoods to which were attached beaks stuffed with herbs, which were intended to filter the miasmas from the air (figure 1). Epidemics of influenza were similarly believed to erupt from the dispersion of mystical elements. Indeed, our current term