Raising awareness of blindness as another smoking-related condition: a public health role for optometrists?
Raising awareness of blindness as another smoking-related condition: a public health role for optometrists?
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1444-0938.2008.00283.x
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Eong, Kah-Guan Au
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Loo, Diana L. S.;Ng, Deborah H. L.;Eong, Kah-Guan Au
香烟烟雾含有多达4000种有毒活性化合物，可能会影响眼睛组织，主要是通过缺血或氧化机制。1在与吸烟有关的眼部疾病中，白内障和老年性黄斑变性(AMD)是最重要的两种，因为它们分别是发展中国家和发达国家导致失明的主要原因。1、2由于白内障失明只能通过手术治疗，全世界必须进行的大量白内障手术对许多国家，特别是发展中国家的保健系统提出了很高的要求。3因此，确定和修改白内障危险因素有可能对问题的严重程度产生重大的公共健康影响。除了吸烟，白内障的其他危险因素还包括高酒精摄入、糖尿病、紫外线-B暴露、某些药物的使用，如类固醇、眼科手术和创伤。3一项研究发现，在与白内障有关的可改变的危险因素中，吸烟是最大的可归因性危险因素，占核性白内障的17%。4核硬化程度与吸烟年限显著相关，吸烟还可增加后囊下混浊的发生率。此外，吸烟者比不吸烟者患白内障的风险更高。因此，戒烟似乎是预防白内障的一种可行的策略。3.
Cigarette smoke contains as many as 4,000 toxic active compounds that have the potential to affect ocular tissues, mainly via ischaemic or oxidative mechanisms. 1 Of the ocular conditions associated with cigarette smoking, cataract and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are the two most important, as they are the leading causes of blindness in developing and developed nations, respectively. 1, 2 As cataract blindness can be treated only surgically, the enormous number of cataract surgeries that must be performed worldwide places heavy demands on the health-care systems of many countries, especially those in the developing world. 3 Accordingly, the identification and modification of cataract risk factors have the potential for a significant public health impact on the magnitude of the problem. Besides cigarette smoking, other risk factors for cataract include high alcohol intake, diabetes mellitus, ultraviolet-B exposure, use of certain medications such as steroids, ocular surgery and trauma. 3 One study found that among the modifiable risk factors associated with cataract, cigarette smoking is the largest attributable risk factor, accounting for 17 per cent of nuclear cataracts. 4 The level of nuclear sclerosis has also shown a significant correlation with the number of pack-years smoked and smoking also increases the frequency of posterior subcapsular opacities. 5 Moreover, cigarette smokers are at a higher risk of developing cataract at an earlier age than are non-smokers. 6, 7 It therefore appears that smoking cessation is a viable strategy for cataract prevention. 3