Tomato growth stage modulates bacterial communities across different soil aggregate sizes and disease levels.
Tomato growth stage modulates bacterial communities across different soil aggregate sizes and disease levels.
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DOI：
10.1038/s43705-023-00312-x
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发表时间：
2023-09-26
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kowalchuk, George A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dong, Menghui;Kuramae, Eiko E;Zhao, Mengli;Li, Rong;Shen, Qirong;Kowalchuk, George A
不同大小的土壤团聚体具有不同的物理化学性质。这些微生境的差异支持了不同的微生物群落，并调节了植物对微生物群落的影响，从而影响了土壤的功能，如抑制疾病。然而，关于不同土壤团聚体大小的居民在其整个生长阶段受到植物影响的情况却知之甚少。在这里，我们研究了番茄植株如何影响不同土壤团聚体大小类别中的土壤团聚体和细菌群落。此外，我们还研究了团聚体大小是否会影响土壤病原菌及其潜在抑制剂的分布。我们采集了番茄不同生长阶段的样品：播前、苗期、开花期和结实期。采用定量聚合酶链式反应和16 S rRNA基因测序方法测定细菌密度、群落组成和病原菌丰度。结果表明，番茄生育期的发育对根际土壤团聚体的形成有负面影响，大团聚体(1~2 mm)逐渐减少，微团聚体(<；0.25 mm)逐渐增加。此外，细菌密度和群落组成的变化在不同的土壤团聚体大小类别之间也不同。此外，病原菌表现出对微聚集体的偏好，而大聚集体拥有更多潜在的病原菌抑制分类群和预测的抗生素相关基因。结果表明，不同土壤团聚体大小的番茄在不同生长阶段对土壤的影响不同，植物病原菌及其潜在的抑制剂在土壤团聚体大小不同的土壤中有不同的栖息地。这些发现突显了土壤团聚体大小类在微生物生态学和农业可持续性研究中的重要性，进一步关注土壤团聚体水平有助于确定虚拟微生境中参与抑制病原体的候选税种。
Soil aggregates contain distinct physio-chemical properties across different size classes. These differences in micro-habitats support varied microbial communities and modulate the effect of plant on microbiome, which affect soil functions such as disease suppression. However, little is known about how the residents of different soil aggregate size classes are impacted by plants throughout their growth stages. Here, we examined how tomato plants impact soil aggregation and bacterial communities within different soil aggregate size classes. Moreover, we investigated whether aggregate size impacts the distribution of soil pathogen and their potential inhibitors. We collected samples from different tomato growth stages: before-planting, seedling, flowering, and fruiting stage. We measured bacterial density, community composition, and pathogen abundance using qPCR and 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. We found the development of tomato growth stages negatively impacted root-adhering soil aggregation, with a gradual decrease of large macro-aggregates (1–2 mm) and an increase of micro-aggregates (<0.25 mm). Additionally, changes in bacterial density and community composition varied across soil aggregate size classes. Furthermore, the pathogen exhibited a preference to micro-aggregates, while macro-aggregates hold a higher abundance of potential pathogen-inhibiting taxa and predicted antibiotic-associated genes. Our results indicate that the impacts of tomatoes on soil differ for different soil aggregate size classes throughout different plant growth stages, and plant pathogens and their potential inhibitors have different habitats within soil aggregate size classes. These findings highlight the importance of fine-scale heterogeneity of soil aggregate size classes in research on microbial ecology and agricultural sustainability, further research focuses on soil aggregates level could help identify candidate tax involved in suppressing pathogens in the virtual micro-habitats.