THE LAYING OF BIASED EGGS BY THE ANT PHEIDOLE-PALLIDULA (NYL) (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE)
THE LAYING OF BIASED EGGS BY THE ANT PHEIDOLE-PALLIDULA (NYL) (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE)
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DOI：
10.1007/bf02224522
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发表时间：
1980-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
PASSERA, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
PASSERA, L
白蜡虫没有冬季育雏。在第一次春季产卵时，会产生有性生殖的卵;在冬眠结束时，有3/4的蜂群会产下有性生殖的卵。后来，所有的鸡蛋都偏向工人。在实验室中，冬眠结束时，蚁后在26度的温度下饲养。C只在前15天产卵。在2周结束时，鸡蛋只给工人。前2周是产蛋率和蛋重最高的时期。产卵的性别偏见是不依赖于护理工人的数量，这可能是非常低的，或护理工人的质量;工人的冬眠几个星期，并提出了一个育雏有能力养育一个有性育雏。在没有工人的殖民地，士兵也有能力饲养这些蛋。唯一必要的因素是女王谁是经过长时间的冬眠。如果在第一次产卵后将蜂王带走，工蜂会将有性幼虫培育成雄蜂或蛹后，约有一半的情况。在女王权利殖民地，如果社会只有很少的工人，成功的机会几乎为零，而超过1400名工人，女王就不是障碍了。工蜂数量/幼虫数量的比例必须是一个决定因素。P. pallidula显示出双重等级决定;分离蜂王和工蜂等级的自生决定由幼虫营养决定继承，这也是士兵的起源。
P. pallidula has no winter brood. Sexuals are produced from the 1st spring brood; in 3/4 of the colonies at the end of hibernation, queens lay sexual-biased eggs. Later, all eggs are worker-biased. In the laboratory, at the end of hibernation queens reared at 26.degree. C lay sexual-biased eggs only during the 1st 15 days. At the end of the 2 weeks, eggs give only workers. During the 1st 2 weeks, the rate of egg production and egg size are maximal. Laying of sexual-biased eggs is not dependent on the number of nursing workers, which may be very low, or the quality of nursing workers; workers that are out of hibernation for several weeks and have reared a brood are capable of rearing a sexual brood. In workerless colonies, the soldiers are also capable of rearing these eggs. The only necessary factor is the queen who is available after a long hibernation. If the queen is taken away after laying the 1st eggs, the workers rear the sexual larvae to males or queen pupae in about half the cases. In queenright colonies, the chance of succeeding is almost 0 if the society has few workers, while above 1400 workers the queen is no obstacle. The number of workers/number of larvae ratio must be a determining factor. P. pallidula shows a double caste determination; the autogenic determination which separates queen and worker castes is succeeded by the larval trophogenic determination which is also at the origin of the soldiers.