The impact of trade policy on global supply chain network equilibrium: A new perspective of product-market chain competition
The impact of trade policy on global supply chain network equilibrium: A new perspective of product-market chain competition
复制标题
贸易政策对全球供应链网络均衡的影响：产品—市场链竞争的新视角
DOI：
10.1016/j.omega.2022.102612
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发表时间：
2022-02-05
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Wang, Shouyang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Feng, Pingping;Zhou, Xiaoyang;Wang, Shouyang
在全球化的背景下，跨境交易日益增多。贸易政策基本上打击全球供应链网络。它们不仅改变了产品流，还可能扰乱某些供应链。为了揭示关税、配额和补贴等贸易政策对全球供应链均衡的影响，本研究首先将供应链网络按照产品流和定向市场分解为若干个产品市场链（PM链）。其次，为了刻画古诺-纳什竞争下的链间竞争，建立了每条PM链的优化模型，并利用变分不等式理论给出了均衡条件。第三，我们提出了平衡点的定性性质，并使用欧拉算法求解模型。最后，为了分析不同阶段实施的不同贸易政策的影响，我们基于一个接近现实的网络进行了几个数值例子。我们计算出当一个链条被贸易政策破坏时的阈值。PM链中断重建网络并产生新的平衡。它解释了在分析政策效果时出现拐点的原因。在这里，我们总结了网络重建前贸易政策的主要影响。这三种贸易政策对供给方的影响都增加了国内原材料供应商的竞争优势，但却损害了所研究网络中国内最终产品生产商的利益。另一方面，这些强加于需求方的贸易政策使国内最终产品生产者受益，而损害了外国最终产品生产者。对需求方施加的关税/配额和补贴对原材料供应方产生相反的影响：关税/配额减少，而补贴增加了原材料供应方的产量。我们考虑了三个扩展与调整后的网络结构和部分替代产品，以证明所提出的方法的广泛适用性。这项工作有助于文献提供了一个框架的建模，以调查在贸易政策的存在下，在全球供应网络中的链间竞争。(c)2022爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
In the context of globalization, cross-border transactions are growing. Trade policies essentially strike the global supply chain networks. They not only change product flows but may also disrupt some chains. To reveal how trade policies, including tariffs, quotas, and subsidies, affect the global supply chain equi-librium, this study first decomposes the supply chain network into several product-market chains (PM chains) according to the product flows and the directed market. Second, to characterize the inter-chain competition under the Cournot-Nash competition, we establish an optimization model for each PM chain and provide the equilibrium conditions by using variational inequality theory. Third, we propose the qual-itative properties of the equilibrium and solve the model using the Euler algorithm. Finally, to analyze the influence of different trade policies imposed at different stages, we conduct several numerical examples based on a network that is close to reality. We figure out the threshold when one chain is disrupted by the trade policy. PM chain disruption reconstructs the network and generates a new equilibrium. It explains the appearance of inflection points when analyzing the policies' effects. Here we summarize the major impacts of trade policies before network reconstruction. All three trade policies imposed on the supply side increase the competitive advantage of domestic raw material suppliers, but they hurt do-mestic final product producers in the studied network. On the other hand, these trade policies imposed on the demand side benefit the domestic final product producer while hurting the foreign final product producer. The effects of tariff/quota and subsidy imposed on the demand side have the opposite effects on raw material suppliers: the tariff/quota decreases while the subsidy increases the output of the raw material suppliers. We consider three extensions with the adjusted network structures and partially sub-stitutable products to demonstrate the wide applicability of the proposed approach. This work contributes to the literature by providing a framework of modeling to investigate inter-chain competition in a global supply network in the presence of trade policies. (c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.