Fungal endophyte diversity in coffee plants from Colombia, Hawai'i, Mexico and Puerto Rico
Fungal endophyte diversity in coffee plants from Colombia, Hawai'i, Mexico and Puerto Rico
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.funeco.2009.05.001
复制
发表时间：
2010-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Arnold, A. Elizabeth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vega, Fernando E.;Simpkins, Ann;Arnold, A. Elizabeth
害虫控制的一个重要机制应该是使用真菌昆虫病原体。尽管这些生物体已经被研究了 100 多年，但它们在该领域的有效利用仍然难以捉摸。然而，最近发现许多这些昆虫病原真菌在自然界中发挥着额外的作用。它们是内生菌、植物病原体的拮抗剂、与根际相关的物质，甚至可能是植物生长促进剂。这些发现表明，这些真菌在环境中的生态作用尚未完全了解，并限制了我们成功利用它们进行害虫防治的能力。在本文中，我们回顾了最近发现的许多昆虫病原真菌所发挥的作用，并提出了侧重于这些真菌的替代用途的新研究策略。这些药剂似乎可以发挥多种作用，保护植物免受病虫害，同时促进植物生长。 (C) 由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。对咖啡（阿拉比卡咖啡）植物组织进行表面灭菌，并使用标准技术分离内生真菌，然后提取 DNA 并对内部转录间隔区 (ITS) 进行测序。总共回收了 843 个真菌分离株并进行了测序（哥伦比亚，267 个；夏威夷，393 个；墨西哥，109 个；波多黎各，74 个），产生 257 个独特的 ITS 基因型（哥伦比亚，113 个；夏威夷，126 个；墨西哥，32 个；波多黎各，40 个）。最丰富的类群是炭疽菌属、镰刀菌属、青霉属和木聚糖科。总体而言，仅在一个抽样国家中检测到了 220 种基因型；在所有四个国家中只发现了两种基因型。夏威夷的 Coffea canephora、Coffea congensis、Coffea liberica、Coffea macrocarpa、Coffea racemosa 和 Coffea stenophylla 中也分离出了内生菌。咖啡植物中真菌内生菌的高度生物多样性可能表明，其中大多数是“偶然的游客”，在植物中没有任何作用，而内生菌可以被定义为“有影响力的乘客”，并且其在植物中的作用已被阐明。这项研究是对与单一宿主物种相关的内生真菌最全面的分析，表明咖啡植物是多种内生真菌的储存库，这些内生真菌可以从包括种子在内的各种植物组织中分离出来，并说明了阿拉比卡咖啡在世界不同咖啡种植区遇到的不同真菌群落。 (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd 和英国真菌学会。版权所有。
An important mechanism for insect pest control should be the use of fungal entomopathogens. Even though these organisms have been studied for more than 100 y, their effective use in the field remains elusive. Recently, however, it has been discovered that many of these entomopathogenic fungi play additional roles in nature. They are endophytes, antagonists of plant pathogens, associates with the rhizosphere, and possibly even plant growth promoting agents. These findings indicate that the ecological role of these fungi in the environment is not fully understood and limits our ability to employ them successfully for pest management. In this paper, we review the recently discovered roles played by many entomopathogenic fungi and propose new research strategies focused on alternate uses for these fungi. It seems likely that these agents can be used in multiple roles in protecting plants from pests and diseases and at the same time promoting plant growth. (C) Published by Elsevier Ltd.Coffee (Coffea arabica) plant tissues were surface-sterilized and fungal endophytes isolated using standard techniques, followed by DNA extraction and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS). A total of 843 fungal isolates were recovered and sequenced (Colombia, 267; Hawai'i, 393; Mexico, 109; Puerto Rico, 74) yielding 257 unique ITS genotypes (Colombia, 113; Hawaii, 126; Mexico, 32; Puerto Rico, 40). The most abundant taxa were Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Xylariaceae. Overall, 220 genotypes were detected in only one of the countries sampled; only two genotypes were found in all four countries. Endophytes were also isolated from Coffea canephora, Coffea congensis, Coffea liberica, Coffea macrocarpa, Coffea racemosa, and Coffea stenophylla in Hawai'i. The high biodiversity of fungal endophytes in coffee plants may indicate that most of these are "accidental tourists" with no role in the plant, in contrast to endophytes that could be defined as "influential passengers" and whose role in the plant has been elucidated. This study, the most comprehensive analysis of fungal endophytes associated with a single host species, demonstrates that coffee plants serve as a reservoir for a wide variety of fungal endophytes that can be isolated from various plant tissues, including the seed, and illustrates the different fungal communities encountered by C. arabica in different coffee-growing regions of the world. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. All rights reserved.