Factors Driving Temporal and Spatial Variation in Aquatic Floodplain Food Webs

Factors Driving Temporal and Spatial Variation in Aquatic Floodplain Food Webs
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DOI:
10.1007/978-1-4615-7007-3_29
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发表时间:
1996
期刊:
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影响因子:
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通讯作者:
K. Winemiller
K. Winemiller
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
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作者:
K. Winemiller

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关于食物网的早期文献很少区分地方和区域生态系统和过程。撇开其他问题不谈(Cohen等人,1990; Winemiller,1990; Pimm等人,1991年; Yodzis,1992年),直到最近的食物网描述的一个主要缺点是忽略了时间和空间的变化。Kitching(1987)的研究表明,猪笼草中相对简单的水生群落的食物网结构各不相同。新热带区水生食物网在物种数量、捕食者-被捕食者相互作用和大量食物网统计数据方面有很大的季节性变化(Winemiller,1990年)。热带(Winemiller,1990年)和温带(Warren,1989年)的水生食物网显示食物网结构的小规模空间变化。最近,生态学已经见证了生态模式和过程的时间变化,以及物种组合与当地生态系统和区域生物多样性与景观之间的相互作用(Brown,1984年; Menge和Sutherland,1987年;柯林斯和Glenn,1991年; Wilson,1992年; Holt,1993年; Polis等人,此卷)。除了捕食者-被捕食者相互作用的时空动态外,食物网结构和功能还受到其他因素的影响,这些因素改变了物种的相对丰度和分布。时空食物网变化的基本模型必须将栖息地干扰、演替和生活史策略与捕食者-被捕食者相互作用结合起来(图28 - 1)。本章探讨了空间和时间的变化,在食物网的低地河流和洪泛区,并表明,周期性的干扰,地貌过程,生活史,和食物网动态相互作用,产生一个相当可预测的生态系统演替在三大洲的foodplains。
The early literature on food webs makes few distinctions between local and regional ecosystems and processes. Leaving aside other problems (Cohen et al., 1990; Winemiller, 1990; Pimm et al., 1991; Yodzis, 1992), a major shortcoming of food web descriptions until recently was the omission of temporal and spatial variation. Kitching (1987) showed that food web structure varied among relatively simple aquatic communities in pitcher plants. Neotropical aquatic food webs have large seasonal variation in the numbers of species, predator-prey interactions, and numerous food web statistics (Winemiller, 1990). Aquatic food webs in both the tropics (Winemiller, 1990) and temperate latitudes (Warren, 1989) show small-scale spatial variation in food web structure. Recently, ecology has witnessed a greater recognition of temporal variation in ecological patterns and processes, and the interplay between species assemblages with local ecosystems and regional biotas with landscapes (Brown, 1984; Menge and Sutherland, 1987; Collins and Glenn, 1991; Wilson, 1992; Holt, 1993; Polis et al., this volume). In addition to the spatiotemporal dynamics of predator-prey interactions, food web structure and function are influenced by other factors that change species relative abundances and distributions. A basic model of spatiotemporal food web variation must integrate habitat disturbance, succession, and life history strategies in addition to predator-prey interactions (Figure 28.1). This chapter examines spatial and temporal variation in food webs of lowland rivers and floodplains, and shows that periodic disturbance, geomorphic processes, life histories, and food web dynamics interact to produce a fairly predictable ecosystem succession in foodplains on three continents.