Dispersal-related life-history trade-offs in a butterfly metapopulation
Dispersal-related life-history trade-offs in a butterfly metapopulation
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.01024.x
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Ovaskainen, O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hanski, I;Saastamoinen, M;Ovaskainen, O
1.最近对蝴蝶的研究表明，随着气候变化和栖息地的变化，蝴蝶的扩散速度发生了明显的进化变化。这些研究通常假设扩散率（或飞行能力）和繁殖之间的权衡，这是翅膀二型物种的规则，但可能不会同样发生在翅膀单型物种，如蝴蝶。为了探讨扩散率和繁殖力之间的关系，在Glanville贝母蝴蝶Melitaea cinxia，我们记录了一生的个人运动，交配，产卵，并在一个大的（32 × 26米）人口笼在外地的最大寿命。实验材料是从20个新建立的和20个老的当地人口在一个大集合人口在芬兰的埃斯特朗岛。女性的Glanville贝母从新建立的人口被称为是更分散的领域，在笼子里，他们表现出显着更大的流动性，交配早，并奠定了更多的蛋离合器比女性从旧的人口。来自新种群的分散雌虫在笼中的一生繁殖力没有降低，但其最大寿命比老种群雌虫短.这些结果挑战了非迁徙蝴蝶的分散繁殖力权衡，而是建议高代谢性能和减少最大寿命之间的生理权衡。高代谢性能可以解释早期生活中的高扩散率和产卵率。在破碎的景观中，存在着一种生态权衡，即更分散，因此在景观基质中花费更多的时间，而不是在栖息地中有更多的时间进行繁殖。我们估计与扩散模型参数化的格兰维尔贝母，一生的鸡蛋生产是4%，平均较小的更分散的蝴蝶在一个代表性的景观，有很大的变化取决于景观结构附近的纳塔尔补丁，从-26至45%的景观分析在本文中。
1. Recent studies on butterflies have documented apparent evolutionary changes in dispersal rate in response to climate change and habitat change. These studies often assume a trade-off between dispersal rate (or flight capacity) and reproduction, which is the rule in wing-dimorphic species but might not occur equally in wing-monomorphic species such as butterflies.2. To investigate the relationship between dispersal rate and fecundity in the Glanville fritillary butterfly Melitaea cinxia we recorded lifetime individual movements, matings, ovipositions, and maximal life span in a large (32 x 26 m) population cage in the field. Experimental material was obtained from 20 newly established and 20 old local populations within a large metapopulation in the angstrom land Islands in Finland.3. Females of the Glanville fritillary from newly established populations are known to be more dispersive in the field, and in the cage they showed significantly greater mobility, mated earlier, and laid more egg clutches than females from old populations. The dispersive females from new populations exhibited no reduced lifetime fecundity in the cage, but they had a shorter maximal life span than old-population females.4. These results challenge the dispersal-fecundity trade-off for nonmigratory butterflies but instead suggest a physiological trade-off between high metabolic performance and reduced maximal life span. High metabolic performance may explain high rates of dispersal and oviposition in early life.5. In fragmented landscapes, an ecological trade-off exists between being more dispersive and hence spending more time in the landscape matrix vs. having more time for reproduction in the habitat. We estimate with a dispersal model parameterized for the Glanville fritillary that the lifetime egg production is 4% smaller on average in the more dispersive butterflies in a representative landscape, with much variation depending on landscape structure in the neighbourhood of the natal patch, from -26 to 45% in the landscape analysed in this paper.