Conscription by Capture in the Wa State of Myanmar: Acquaintances, Anonymity, Patronage, and the Rejection of Mutuality
Conscription by Capture in the Wa State of Myanmar: Acquaintances, Anonymity, Patronage, and the Rejection of Mutuality
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缅甸佤邦的俘虏征兵：熟人、匿名、庇护和相互排斥
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
Hans Steinmüller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hans Steinmüller
摘要在缅甸佤邦，为了征兵和执法的目的，有时通过劫持亲属作为人质来抓人是一种常见的做法。鉴于地方人口普查的不可靠性，以及文官政府的相对薄弱，以及在叛乱军队统治的事实上的国家中的登记，捕获的个人政治提供了与国家易读性相当的功能。这种个人政治的运作是基于军政府代表和普通民众之间的个人网络的重组：首先，军政府内部的熟人圈子提供了获得地方知识的途径;其次，在这些新的非亲职关系的基础上形成的庇护关系，以及亲属关系和共同居住的关系。然而，通过俘虏征兵也要求匿名;也就是说，被动地不承认与陌生人的相互关系，主动地拒绝与熟人的相互关系。这篇文章描述了历史上熟人网络和赞助关系的出现，作为毛泽东主义国家建设和当地战争俘虏和收养机构的结合。它展示了俘虏征兵如何依赖于熟人关系和不承认，以及庇护和拒绝相互关系。通过俘虏征兵的政治与帝国和当代民族国家的征兵形成对比。
Abstract Capturing people, sometimes by taking relatives hostage, is a common practice for purposes of conscription and law enforcement in the Wa State of Myanmar. Given the unreliability of the local census, as well as the relative weakness of civil government, and registration in a de facto state governed by an insurgent army, the personal politics of capture provides a functional equivalent to state legibility. This personal politics operates based on the reorganization of personal networks between representatives of the military state and ordinary people: first, circles of acquaintances within the military state that provide access to local knowledge, and second, relationships of patronage formed on the basis of those new acquaintanceships, as well as connections of kinship and co-residence. Conscription by capture, however, also requires anonymity; that is, the passive non-recognition of mutuality with strangers and the active refusal of mutuality with acquaintances. This article describes the historical emergence of networks of acquaintances and relationships of patronage as a combination of Maoist state-building and local institutions of war capture and adoption. It demonstrates how conscription by capture relies on relationships of acquaintances and non-recognition, as well as on patronage and the refusal of mutuality. The politics of conscription by capture are contrasted with conscription in imperial states and contemporary nation-states.