Hunter‐gatherer response to late Holocene climatic variability in northern and central Australia
Hunter‐gatherer response to late Holocene climatic variability in northern and central Australia
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/jqs.1416
复制
发表时间：
2010-09
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
A. Williams;Sean Ulm;I. Goodwin;Mike Smith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Williams;Sean Ulm;I. Goodwin;Mike Smith
对澳大利亚北方和中部608个考古遗址的1275个放射性年龄的概率分析表明，考古学特征的变化与过去2 ka的气候变化密切相关。结果显示，在过去的2ka中，澳大利亚北方和中部的考古记录显著增加，而在大约200万年前，澳大利亚西部和北方的考古记录显著下降。公元700年、公元1000年和公元1500年后--这两个时期与中世纪气候异常和小冰期大致相同，因为它们在亚太地区有记录。对数据集的横向和纵向分析表明，考古足迹的增加是整个大陆的，而在9至20° S，110至135° E和143至150° E的下降幅度最大。考古学数据的变化表明，结合全新世晚期人口的增加，在大约2000年至2010年之间，澳大利亚各地发生了前欧洲资源系统的破坏或重组。公元700年和1000年以及公元1500年后。这些考古学的反应可以广泛地与厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）平均状态在几十年到百年时间尺度上的转变相关。后者涉及到向拉尼娜一样的平均状态的转变，在公元700年至1150年之间，澳大利亚地区的条件更加潮湿。ENSO平均状态的过渡期发生在公元1150年至1300年期间，持续的厄尔尼诺和干燥条件约。AD 1500，以及AD 1500后至今ENSO变化的增加。版权所有© 2010约翰威利父子有限公司.
Sum probability analysis of 1275 radiometric ages from 608 archaeological sites across northern and central Australia demonstrates a changing archaeological signature that can be closely correlated with climate variability over the last 2 ka. Results reveal a marked increase in archaeological records across northern and central Australia over the last 2 ka, with notable declines in western and northern Australia between ca. AD 700 and 1000 and post‐AD 1500 – two periods broadly coeval with the Medieval Climatic Anomaly and the Little Ice Age as they have been documented in the Asia–Pacific region. Latitudinal and longitudinal analysis of the dataset suggests the increase in archaeological footprint was continent wide, while the declines were greatest from 9 to 20° S, 110 to 135° E and 143 to 150° E. The change in the archaeological data suggests that, combined with an increase in population over the late Holocene, a disruption or reorganisation of pre‐European resource systems occurred across Australia between ca. AD 700 and 1000 and post‐AD 1500. These archaeological responses can be broadly correlated with transitions of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) mean state on a multi‐decadal to centennial timescale. The latter involve a shift towards the La Niña‐like mean state with wetter conditions in the Australian region between AD 700 and 1150. A transition period in ENSO mean state occurred across Australia during AD 1150–1300, with persistent El Niño‐like and drier conditions to ca. AD 1500, and increasing ENSO variability post‐AD 1500 to the present. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.