OBSERVATIONS ON UNDERWATER LOCOMOTION AND FLIPPER MOVEMENT OF HUMPBACK WHALE MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE
OBSERVATIONS ON UNDERWATER LOCOMOTION AND FLIPPER MOVEMENT OF HUMPBACK WHALE MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00397155
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发表时间：
1978-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
WINN, HE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
EDEL, RK;WINN, HE
座头鲸（M. novaeangliae）的观察和拍摄于1974年冬季在西印度群岛附近和1976年夏季在纽芬兰附近。先前基于解剖学推断或表面观察对鲸鱼运动的调查并没有描述座头鲸独特的长鳍的任何特定水下使用。座头鲸通过积极协调地使用鳍状肢来实现高度的水下机动性。3-观察到主动运动，包括前伸-回缩、内收-外展和内外侧旋转。鲸鱼可以在各个方向移动自己独立于侥幸产生的前进运动与他们的弹性鳍刺。在更高的游泳速度（> 4节），鳍状肢被用来实现急剧执行上升或下降倾斜转弯。对3次成年小牛遭遇的拍摄序列的分析表明，成年小牛尾拍的幅度和频率降低;当保持相同的速度时，小牛的尾拍频率是成年小牛的4-7倍。在操纵过程中，尾翼和锚爪被强制移动，而不是垂直移动。这些研究结果的意义进行了讨论有关知识的大型鲸鱼。
Humpback whales (M. novaeangliae) were observed and photographed during winter, 1974 near the West Indies and in summer, 1976, near Newfoundland [Canada]. Prior investigations on whale locomotion based on anatomical inference or surface observations did not describe any specific underwater use of the humpbacks'' uniquely long flippers. Humpbacks achieve a high degree of maneuverability underwater through the active coordinated use of their flippers. 3-Dimensional active movements including protraction-retraction, adduction-abduction and lateral-medial rotations were observed. The whales could move themselves in all directions independent from fluke-generated forward motion by thrusting with their resilient flippers. At higher swimming speeds (> 4 knots) the flippers were used to effect sharply executed ascending or descending banked turns. Analysis of filmed sequences from 3 adult-calf encounters indicated a reduction of the amplitude and frequency of tailbeats by the adults; calves made tailbeats 4-7 times more frequently than adults when maintaining the same speed. The tail and flukes are forcefully moved other than vertically during maneuvering. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to knowledge of larger whales.