Political Intolerance in the USSR
Political Intolerance in the USSR
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DOI：
10.1177/0010414093026003002
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发表时间：
1993-10
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
J. Gibson;R. Duch
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Gibson;R. Duch
政治宽容是一种民主价值观，经常被那些对大众舆论和民主之间的关系感兴趣的人研究。然而，大多数研究工作都是在相对民主的政权中进行的。人们对相对极权政权的政治宽容知之甚少。作者在这篇文章中的目的是探索苏联大众中的不宽容。作者聚焦于1990年在苏联进行的两项民意调查，证明政治不容忍在苏联相当普遍。此外，不容忍的对象是集中的，而不是分散的。在西方被发现有用的许多不宽容的预测因素(例如，对威胁的看法、闭关自守)在苏联也是很好的预测因素。教育水平发挥着特别有趣的作用，有助于支持更普遍的民主价值观，但不直接促进政治宽容。鉴于苏联统治时期的不容忍，作者对苏联民主化进程的未来进行了推测，从而得出了本文的结论。
Political tolerance is a democratic value that has often been studied by those interested in the relationship between mass public opinion and democracy. Yet most research efforts have been mounted in relatively democratic regimes. Little is known about political tolerance in relatively totalitarian regimes. The authors' purpose in this article is to explore intolerance within the mass public of the Soviet Union. Focusing on two surveys of public opinion conducted in the USSR in 1990, the authors demonstrate that political intolerance is fairly widespread in the Soviet Union. Moreover, the objects of intolerance are focused, not dispersed pluralistically. Many of the predictors of intolerance found useful in the West (e.g., perceptions of threat, closed-mindedness) are also good predictors in the Soviet Union. Level of education plays an especially interesting role, contributing to support for more general democratic values, but not directly to political tolerance. The authors conclude this article by speculating about the future of the democratization process in the USSR in light of regnant intolerance in that country.