An essay on the shaking palsy. 1817.
An essay on the shaking palsy. 1817.
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DOI：
10.1176/jnp.14.2.223
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Parkinson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Parkinson
谨慎对待假设性陈述所带来的好处，在那些特别属于治疗艺术的科学中表现得最为明显。因此，有必要对这篇文章作一些调和性的解释：在这篇文章中，人们承认，仅仅是猜测代替了实验；而且，这种类比是解剖学检查的替代品，而解剖学检查是病理学知识的唯一可靠基础。然而，当考虑到这个问题的性质和在这里讨论这个问题的情况时，希望向医学界公众提供以下几页的内容不会受到严厉的谴责。本文所探讨的这种疾病是一种非常令人痛苦的疾病。尽管如此，它还没有在疾病学家的分类中占有一席之地；一些人认为它的特征症状是不同的疾病，另一些人则把它的名字命名为与它本质上不同的疾病；而不幸的受难者则认为它是一种邪恶，他无法逃脱它的控制。这种疾病持续时间很长：因此，要将其后期出现的症状与标志着其开始的症状联系起来，需要对同一病例进行持续的观察，或至少对其症状的正确历史进行观察，即使是几年。作者有机会利用这两种优势，因此特别观察了其他几个病例，其中疾病处于不同的发展阶段。通过这些反复的观察，他希望他已经对这种疾病的性质有了一个大概的推测，并且这种类比已经提出了一些方法，如果在这种疾病很久以前就采用，可能会产生缓解效果，甚至可能治愈疾病。因此，他认为接受他人的检验是一种责任，即使他们目前还不成熟、不完善。事实上，推迟出版似乎是不合理的。人们没有特别注意到这种疾病；通过解剖研究来确定其性质和原因的任务，似乎不太可能由那些从他们的能力和机会来看最有可能完成的人来承担。这些人类和医学的朋友们已经向我们揭示了许多缩短健康和生命的病态过程，他们可能会兴奋地将他们的研究扩展到这种疾病，这是非常希望的；他们希望把这些话发表出来，就能达到这个目的。如果这样获得了必要的信息，作者不会因为草率发表猜测性的建议而招致指责而抱怨，而是会认为自己得到了充分的回报，因为他引起了那些可能指出最合适的方法来缓解一种乏味和最令人痛苦的疾病的人的注意。
The advantages which have been derived from the caution with which hypothetical statements are admitted, are in no instance more obvious than in those sciences which more particularly belong to the healing art. It therefore is necessary, that some conciliatory explanation should be offered for the present publication: in which, it is acknowledged, that mere conjecture takes the place of experiment; and, that analogy is the substitute for anatomical examination, the only sure foundation for pathological knowledge. When, however, the nature of the subject, and the circumstances under which it has been here taken up, are considered, it is hoped that the offering of the following pages to the attention of the medical public, will not be severely censured. The disease, respecting which the present inquiry is made, is of a nature highly afflictive. Notwithstanding which, it has not yet obtained a place in the classification of nosologists; some have regarded its characteristic symptoms as distinct and different diseases, and others have given its name to diseases differing essentially from it; whilst the unhappy sufferer has considered it as an evil, from the domination of which he had no prospect of escape. The disease is of long duration: to connect, therefore, the symptoms which occur in its later stages with those which mark its commencement, requires a continuance of observation of the same case, or at least a correct history of its symptoms, even for several years. Of both these advantages the writer has had the opportunities of availing himself, and has hence been led particularly to observe several other cases in which the disease existed in different stages of its progress. By these repeated observations, he hoped that he had been led to a probable conjecture as to the nature of the malady, and that analogy had suggested such means as might be productive of relief, and perhaps even of cure, if employed before the disease had been too long established. He therefore considered it to be a duty to submit his opinions to the examination of others, even in their present state of immaturity and imperfection. To delay their publication did not, indeed, appear to be warrantable. The disease had escaped particular notice; and the task of ascertaining its nature and cause by anatomical investigation, did not seem likely to be taken up by those who, from their abilities and opportunities, were most likely to accomplish it. That these friends to humanity and medical science, who have already unveiled to us many of the morbid processes by which health and life is abridged, might be excited to extend their researches to this malady, was much desired; and it was hoped, that this might be procured by the publication of these remarks.Should the necessary information be thus obtained, the writer will repine at no censure which the precipitate publication of mere conjectural suggestions may incur: but shall think himself fully rewarded by having excited the attention of those, who may point out the most appropriate means of relieving a tedious and most distressing malady.