Risk and protective factors for adolescent substance use: Findings from a study in selected Central American countries
Risk and protective factors for adolescent substance use: Findings from a study in selected Central American countries
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.11.148
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发表时间：
2007-05-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Murrelle, Lenn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kliewer, Wendy;Murrelle, Lenn
目的：了解在部分中美洲国家青少年中与药物使用相关的青少年生态中不同水平的药物使用和使用问题，以及与药物使用相关的风险和保护因素。方法：2000-2001年对巴拿马、哥斯达黎加和危地马拉的17,215名学生进行的调查结果作为分析的基础。终生使用酒精、烟草、大麻和其他五种药物(吸入剂、镇静剂、可卡因和摇头丸)以及与药物和酒精有关的问题是结果变量。危险因素包括调节失调、与毒品/酒精有关的家庭问题、消极的家庭互动、学校脱离、同伴越轨和暴露在社区暴力中。保护性因素包括个人对上帝的信仰、积极的家庭互动、父母的宗教信仰和积极的师生互动。结果：危险因素和保护因素的数量与药物使用之间存在线性关系，但危险因素与药物使用的关联性强于保护因素。在酒精和大麻的使用以及毒品和酒精的问题上，存在显著的风险和保护因素的交互作用。风险与个人对上帝的信仰最一致，但也与父母的宗教信仰和师生交流最一致。结论：在青少年生态的不同层面上考虑风险和保护因素是重要的。预防和干预工作应侧重于青少年在不同微系统中的互动(例如，与父母、教师和同龄人)。(C)2007年青春期医学会。版权所有。
Purpose: To identify the prevalence of substance use and problems with use, and risk and protective factors at different levels of the adolescent's ecology associated with substance use among adolescents in selected Central American countries.Methods: Results of a survey of 17,215 students from Panama, Costa Rica, and Guatemala conducted in 2000-2001 served as the basis for the analyses. Lifetime use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and five other drugs (inhalants, tranquilizers, cocaine, crack, and ecstasy), and problems with drugs and alcohol were the outcome variables. Risk factors included dysregulation, family problems with drugs/alcohol, negative family interactions, school disengagement, peer deviance, and exposure to community violence. Protective factors included a personal belief in God, positive family interactions, parent religiosity, and positive student-teacher interaction. Both hierarchical linear regression and logistic regression analyses were used to model main and interaction effects of risk and protective factors.Results: There was a linear association between number of risk and protective factors and substance use, however, risk factors were more strongly associated with substance use than were protective factors. There were significant risk-by-protective-factor interactions for alcohol and marijuana use, and for problems with drugs and alcohol. Risk interacted most consistently with a personal belief in God, but also with parent religiosity and with student-teacher communication.Conclusions: It is important to consider risk and protective factors at different levels of an adolescent's ecology. Prevention and intervention efforts should focus on interactions adolescents have in different microsystems (e.g., with parents, teachers, and peers). (c) 2007 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved.