Metabolism of bile salts in mice influences spore germination in Clostridium difficile.
Metabolism of bile salts in mice influences spore germination in Clostridium difficile.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0008740
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发表时间：
2010-01-15
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Zhu J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Giel JL;Sorg JA;Sonenshein AL;Zhu J
艰难梭菌，一种孢子形成细菌，引起抗生素相关性腹泻。为了产生毒素和引起疾病，艰难梭菌孢子必须在宿主体内作为营养细胞发芽和生长。虽然已经鉴定出一些能够在体外使艰难梭菌孢子发芽的化合物，但孢子对体内信号的反应以前并不为人所知。对未治疗和抗生素治疗小鼠的肠道和盲肠提取物的检查显示，抗生素治疗小鼠的提取物可以刺激孢子的集落形成到更高的水平。用胆甾胺（一种胆盐结合树脂）处理这些提取物，严重降低了提取物刺激孢子形成菌落的能力。这一结果，加上发芽因子小、热稳定和水溶性的事实，支持了胆汁盐刺激艰难梭菌孢子在体内发芽的观点。所有能够高水平刺激孢子集落形成的提取物都比不能高水平刺激孢子集落形成的提取物具有更高的初级和次级胆汁盐比例。此外，与未经治疗的小鼠相比，抗生素治疗小鼠的盲肠菌群对萌发性牛磺胆酸盐的修饰能力较弱，这表明两组之间胆盐修饰细菌的数量有所不同。综上所述，这些数据表明，体内产生的化合物，可能是胆汁盐，刺激艰难梭菌孢子的集落形成，这种化合物的水平受到共生胃肠道菌群的影响。
Clostridium difficile, a spore-forming bacterium, causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea. In order to produce toxins and cause disease, C. difficile spores must germinate and grow out as vegetative cells in the host. Although a few compounds capable of germinating C. difficile spores in vitro have been identified, the in vivo signal(s) to which the spores respond were not previously known. Examination of intestinal and cecal extracts from untreated and antibiotic-treated mice revealed that extracts from the antibiotic-treated mice can stimulate colony formation from spores to greater levels. Treatment of these extracts with cholestyramine, a bile salt binding resin, severely decreased the ability of the extracts to stimulate colony formation from spores. This result, along with the facts that the germination factor is small, heat-stable, and water-soluble, support the idea that bile salts stimulate germination of C. difficile spores in vivo. All extracts able to stimulate high level of colony formation from spores had a higher proportion of primary to secondary bile salts than extracts that could not. In addition, cecal flora from antibiotic-treated mice was less able to modify the germinant taurocholate relative to flora from untreated mice, indicating that the population of bile salt modifying bacteria differed between the two groups. Taken together, these data suggest that an in vivo-produced compound, likely bile salts, stimulates colony formation from C. difficile spores and that levels of this compound are influenced by the commensal gastrointestinal flora.
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影响因子：
3.1
作者：
ONDERDONK, AB;CISNEROS, RL;BARTLETT, JG
通讯作者：
BARTLETT, JG
DOI：
10.1016/0022-4731(84)90304-2
发表时间：
1984-01-01
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作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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