MicroRNAs in body fluids--the mix of hormones and biomarkers.

MicroRNAs in body fluids--the mix of hormones and biomarkers.
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体液中的 MicroRNA——激素和生物标志物的混合物。

DOI:
10.1038/nrclinonc.2011.76
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发表时间:
2011-06-07
期刊:
Nature reviews. Clinical oncology
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自从microRNA(miRNAs)被发现以来,对这些小的非编码RNA的研究稳步增加,已经发表了超过10,000篇论文。对miRNAs的极大兴趣反映了它们在基因表达调控中的核心作用以及miRNAs特异性异常表达在癌症、心脏病、免疫相关疾病和其他疾病的发病机制中的意义。当前研究的另一个途径是研究血清、血浆和其他体液中循环的miRNA--miRNA不仅可以在细胞内发挥作用,还可以在体内的其他部位发挥作用。体液中存在的miRNA可能代表了癌症非侵入性生物标志物的金矿。由于miRNA表达失调是肿瘤发生的早期事件,因此测量循环miRNA水平也可用于早期癌症检测,这可极大地有助于治疗的成功。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了液体表达的miRNA作为可靠的癌症生物标志物和治疗反应预测因子以及临床试验潜在的新患者选择标准的作用。此外,我们还探讨了miRNAs可以作为激素发挥作用的概念。
Since the discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs), the study of these small noncoding RNAs has steadily increased and more than 10,000 papers have already been published. The great interest in miRNAs reflects their central role in gene-expression regulation and the implication of miRNA-specific aberrant expression in the pathogenesis of cancer, cardiac, immune-related and other diseases. Another avenue of current research is the study of circulating miRNAs in serum, plasma, and other body fluids—miRNAs may act not only within cells, but also at other sites within the body. The presence of miRNAs in body fluids may represent a gold mine of noninvasive biomarkers in cancer. Since deregulated miRNA expression is an early event in tumorigenesis, measuring circulating miRNA levels may also be useful for early cancer detection, which can contribute greatly to the success of treatment. In this Review, we discuss the role of fluid-expressed miRNAs as reliable cancer biomarkers and treatment-response predictors as well as potential new patient selection criteria for clinical trials. In addition, we explore the concept that miRNAs could function as hormones.
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