Hide or fight? The competitive evolution of concealment and encapsulation in parasitoid-host associations
Hide or fight? The competitive evolution of concealment and encapsulation in parasitoid-host associations
复制标题
DOI：
10.2307/3546602
复制
发表时间：
1997-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Hochberg, ME
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hochberg, ME
我采用了一个数学模型，整合了昆虫宿主及其专业寄生蜂的种群和共适应动力学，以研究 HVA 形式的宿主抗性的竞争进化：对成虫寄生位置的隐藏和寄生蜂卵的封装。当只允许发展一种形式的阻力时，隐藏总是发展到等于或高于封装的频率。当两种形式的抵抗同时发展时，结果取决于寄生蜂发展对策的能力。在最具毒性的寄生蜂克隆存在的情况下，宿主的进化不会导致两种形式的抗性的平衡频率之间没有差异，除非宿主克隆密度在某种程度上受到不均匀的干扰。当寄生物被允许共同进化时，宿主隐藏自己的频率超过了那些能够封装寄生物卵的频率。在平衡状态下，宿主群体的抵抗力之间通常呈负相关。对拟寄生物种群的对策也是积极的。导致两种形式的宿主防御之间不对称的机制是，与由于隐藏而错过相遇时相比，当宿主封装时寄生蜂会损失更多的繁殖努力。我预测，当宿主相对常见和/或寄生率相对较低时，与封装相比，宿主应该付出更大的成本来维持隐蔽性。也就是说，当东道国人口的调节往往受到其他密度依赖力的影响时。
I employ a mathematical model integrating the population and co-adaptive dynamics of an insect host and its specialist parasitoid wasp to investigate the competitive evolution of hva forms of host resistance: concealment from adult parasitoid location and encapsulation of parasitoid eggs. When only one form of resistance is permitted to evolve, concealment always evolves to frequencies equal to or higher than encapsulation. When both forms of resistance evolve, the outcome depends on the capacity of the parasitoid to evolve counter-measures. Evolution of the host in the presence of the most virulent parasitoid clone results in no differences between the equilibrium frequencies of the two forms of resistance, unless host clone densities are somehow unequally perturbed. When the parasitoid is allowed to co-evolve, the frequency of hosts concealing themselves exceeds the frequency of those capable of encapsulating parasitoid eggs. At equilibrium, there is generally a negative correlation between resistance measures in the host population. and a positive one for countermeasures in the parasitoid population. The mechanism driving the asymmetries between the two forms of host defence is the loss of more reproductive effort by parasitoids when the host encapsulates as compared to when an encounter is missed due to concealment. I predict that hosts should pay greater costs to maintain concealment as compared to encapsulation when they are relatively common and;or parasitism rates relatively low; that is, when regulation of the host population tends to be influenced bq other density dependent forces.