Opto-electronic quantum telecommunications based on spins in semiconductors
Opto-electronic quantum telecommunications based on spins in semiconductors
复制标题
基于半导体自旋的光电量子电信
DOI：
10.1109/jproc.2003.811799
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Szkopek
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Yablonovitch;Hong;H. Kosaka;H. Robinson;D. Rao;T. Szkopek
量子信息的远距离传输将允许基于量子密码学的新形式的数据安全。这些新技术的安全性依赖于量子“测不准原理”和“量子纠缠”的长距离传输。一种名为量子中继器的新型远程通信设备可以在世界范围内忠实地传输量子信息，尽管在沿着光纤传输时不可避免地会产生严重的损耗。在量子中继器中，信息存储在半导体电子自旋的量子态中，而互补的纠缠信息以光子的形式沿着光纤传输。这种远程纠缠允许执行隐形传态算法，该算法可以精确地远距离传输量子态。光电量子中继器的基础是具有特殊选择规则的保持纠缠的InP光电探测器，在该探测器中，来自光子的极化信息被转移到光电子的自旋极化信息，反之亦然。然而，由于III-V半导体中存在快速的量子信息损失，该算法要求将光电子转移到IV族半导体以进行长期存储。本文综述了半导体量子中继器的实验现状，包括自旋共振晶体管逻辑门，以及在保留单光子自旋信息的情况下对单光子的实验探测。
The transmission of quantum information over long distances will allow new forms of data security, based on quantum cryptography. These new technologies rely for security on the quantum "uncertainty principle" and on the long distance transmission of "quantum entanglement". A new type of tele-communications device called the "quantum repeater" can allow the faithful transmission of quantum information over worldwide distances, in spite of the inevitably severe losses while propagating along optical fibers. In a quantum repeater, information is stored in the quantum state of a semiconductor electron spin, while complementary entangled information is transmitted as a photon down the optical fiber. This long-range entanglement permits the execution of the teleportation algorithm, which accurately transmits a quantum state over long distances. The basis for an opto-electronic quantum repeater is an entanglement preserving InP photodetector with special selection rules, in which polarization information from a photon is transferred to spin polarization information of a photo-electron, and vice versa. Nevertheless, the algorithm requires that the photo-electron be transferred to a group IV semiconductor for long time storage since there is rapid loss of quantum information in III-V semiconductors. This paper reviews the experimental status of semiconductor quantum repeaters, including the spin resonance transistor logic gates, and the experimental detection of single photons in a manner that preserves their spin information.