New insights into the mechanisms of Treg function.
New insights into the mechanisms of Treg function.
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DOI：
10.1097/mot.0000000000000212
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发表时间：
2015-08
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Camirand G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rothstein DM;Camirand G
CD4+Foxp3+调节性T细胞（TCRs）在控制免疫和自身耐受中至关重要。因此，在移植过程中，TGFAP在抑制急性排斥反应和促进同种异体移植耐受中起着重要作用。对Treg生物学的更全面理解可能会导致新的治疗方法来增强Treg数量和功能。非淋巴组织中自身耐受的维持需要次级淋巴器官中的T细胞从幼稚样中枢T细胞分化为效应T细胞。抗原和环境线索引导这种Treg分化，这与发生的适应性免疫反应的类型相似，使它们能够进入特定的非淋巴组织并在其中发挥作用。除了控制炎症外，组织浸润性T细胞出乎意料地调节非免疫过程，包括代谢稳态和组织修复。最后，Tcl4可以直接和特异性地在体内靶向，以增加其数量或增强其在次级淋巴器官和非淋巴组织中的功能。TAPs表现出以前未被认识到的功能广度，包括组织特异性特化和免疫和非免疫过程的调节。这在移植中特别重要，因为同种异体反应性记忆T细胞可以直接在同种异体移植物内起作用。因此，治疗方法可能需要促进移植组织以及次级淋巴器官中的Treg功能。这种治疗不仅可以预防炎症和急性排斥反应，而且还可以促进同种异体移植物内的非免疫过程，如组织稳态和修复。
CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial in controlling immunity and self-tolerance. Consequently, in transplantation, Tregs play a central role in inhibiting acute rejection and promoting allograft tolerance. A more complete understanding of Treg biology may lead to novel therapeutic approaches to enhance Treg numbers and function. The maintenance of self-tolerance in non-lymphoid tissues requires the differentiation of Tregs in secondary lymphoid organs from naïve-like central Tregs into effector Tregs. Antigen and environmental cues guide this Treg differentiation, which parallels the types of adaptive immune responses taking place, allowing them to enter and function within specific non-lymphoid tissues. In addition to controlling inflammation, tissue-infiltrating Tregs unexpectedly regulate non-immune processes, including metabolic homeostasis and tissue repair. Finally, Tregs can be directly and specifically targeted in vivo to augment their numbers or enhance their function in both secondary lymphoid organs and non-lymphoid tissues. Tregs exhibit a previously unrecognized breadth of function, which includes tissue-specific specialization and the regulation of both immune and non-immune processes. This is of particular importance in transplantation since allo-reactive memory T cells can act directly within the allograft. Thus, therapeutic approaches may need to promote Treg function in transplanted tissue as well as in secondary lymphoid organs. Such therapy would not only prevent inflammation and acute rejection, but may also promote non-immune processes within the allograft such as tissue homeostasis and repair.