Gene gain and loss across the metazoan tree of life
Gene gain and loss across the metazoan tree of life
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DOI：
10.1038/s41559-019-1069-x
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发表时间：
2020-01-27
影响因子：
16.8
通讯作者：
Gabaldon, Toni
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fernandez, Rosa;Gabaldon, Toni
虽然最近的研究已经揭示了最早分裂的动物及其祖先的基因组高度复杂性，但在整个动物门中协调基因库进化的宏观进化趋势仍然知之甚少。我们使用了一种新的基因组方法来询问所有动物门的基因组进化。我们的分析发现了一个双峰分布的招聘的orthopathic基因，大多数基因获得非常“早”（即，在深节点）或非常“晚”，代表血统特定的收购。动物出现的特点是高值的基因出生和复制。后口动物、蜕皮动物和异腔动物的特征是没有基因获得，但普遍的差异基因丢失。被认为是动物标志的基因，如Notch/Delta，在所有的门和不同的进化深度中趋同复制。从后生动物到门特异性水平的所有节点中复制的基因都富含与神经系统相关的功能，这表明该系统在动物的进化过程中不断独立地重塑。我们的研究结果表明，动物基因组进化的无与伦比的基因重复，然后由差异基因丢失，并提供了一个地图集的基因库进化整个动物的生命树导航如何，何时以及如何经常在每个基因组中的每个基因获得，复制或losed. Phylogenetic分析，包括所有后生动物门的代表显示基因重复，然后在整个动物的生命树差异基因丢失。
Although recent research has revealed high genomic complexity in the earliest-splitting animals and their ancestors, the macroevolutionary trends orchestrating gene repertoire evolution throughout the animal phyla remain poorly understood. We used a phylogenomic approach to interrogate genome evolution across all animal phyla. Our analysis uncovered a bimodal distribution of recruitment of orthologous genes, with most genes gained very 'early' (that is, at deep nodes) or very 'late', representing lineage-specific acquisitions. The emergence of animals was characterized by high values of gene birth and duplications. Deuterostomes, ecdysozoans and Xenacoelomorpha were characterized by no gene gain but rampant differential gene loss. Genes considered as animal hallmarks, such as Notch/Delta, were convergently duplicated in all phyla and at different evolutionary depths. Genes duplicated in all nodes from Metazoa to phylum-specific levels were enriched in functions related to the neural system, suggesting that this system has been continuously and independently reshaped throughout evolution across animals. Our results indicate that animal genomes evolved by unparalleled gene duplication followed by differential gene loss, and provide an atlas of gene repertoire evolution throughout the animal tree of life to navigate how, when and how often each gene in each genome was gained, duplicated or lost.Phylogenomic analysis including representatives of all metazoan phyla shows gene duplication followed by differential gene loss throughout the animal tree of life.