Theoretical habitat templets, species traits, and species richness: aquatic Coleoptera in the Upper Rhône River and its floodplain
Theoretical habitat templets, species traits, and species richness: aquatic Coleoptera in the Upper Rhône River and its floodplain
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2427.1994.tb01747.x
复制
发表时间：
1994-06
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
P. Richoux
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Richoux
摘要
1. 为了检验河流生境模板和斑块动态概念的预测，水生甲虫的物种特征和物种丰富度趋势与法国上罗纳河冲积泛滥平原的18种生境类型的时空变异性相关。本分析使用了120种甲虫。
2. 基本信息要么来自文献（对于大多数物种特征而言），要么来自过去19年在布雷尼耶 - 科尔东和容斯河段约500个采样点的观测（对于生境利用情况）。这些信息通过模糊编码技术进行构建，并通过排序分析进行检验。
3. 对19种物种特征之间关系的分析表明，根据诸如身体形态（成虫）、功能性取食类型和食物（成虫和幼虫）、对基质的附着和传播潜力（成虫和幼虫）以及成虫和幼虫的水生和/或陆生生活模式等特征存在明显差异。诸如每个繁殖周期的后代数量以及每年或每个个体的繁殖周期数量等物种特征差异较小，因为这些特征在水生甲虫中相当均匀。
4. 对水生甲虫生境利用的分析揭示了一个将间隙生境与表层生境分开的垂直梯度，以及表层生境的一个横向梯度，该横向梯度从主河道向永久性牛轭湖和临时性水域延伸。
5. 物种特征与生境利用之间的显著关系表明，大多数甲虫物种利用一组特定的生境类型以及一组特定的物种特征模式。
6. 水生甲虫的物种特征是均匀的，但显然非常成功，并且适应了许多时空变异性的潜在条件。由于这种均匀性，对水生甲虫的观察不支持从河流生境模板预测的时空变异性框架中的特征趋势。
7. 在时空变异性低的生境类型中，观察到的水生甲虫物种丰富度较低，随着空间变异性增加而增加，并在中等时间变异性时往往最高。这种模式符合斑块动态概念的预测。
SUMMARY 1 To test predictions of the river habitat templet and the patch dynamics concept, trends in species traits and species richness of aquatic beetles were related to the spatial-temporal variability of eighteen habitat types in the alluvial floodplain of the French Upper Rhone River. One hundred and twenty species of beetles were used in this analysis. 2 The basic information was obtained either from the literature (for most of the species traits) or from observations made at approximately 500 sampling sites in the Bregnier-Cordon and Jons sections over the past 19 years (for habitat utilization). This information was structured by a fuzzy coding technique and examined by ordination analyses. 3 Analyses of the relationships among nineteen species traits revealed a clear distinction according to traits such as body form (for adults), functional feeding type and food (adults and larvae), attachment to the substrate and dissemination potential (adults and larvae), and patterns of aquatic and/or terrestrial life of adults and larvae. Species traits such as number of descendants per reproductive cycle, and number of reproductive cycles per year or per individual showed less contrast, because these traits are rather homogeneous in aquatic beetles. 4 Analyses of the habitat utilization by the aquatic beetles revealed a vertical gradient that separates interstitial from superficial habitats, and a transverse gradient for the superficial habitats, which extends from the main channel towards permanent oxbow lakes and temporary waters. 5 The significant relationship betweeen species traits and habitat utilization demonstrates that most beetle species use a particular set of habitat types with a particular set of species trait modalities. 6 Species traits of aquatic beetles are homogeneous but evidently very successful and are adapted to many potential conditions of spatial–temporal variability. Because of this homogeneity, observations on aquatic beetles do not support trends of traits in the framework of spatial–temporal variability predicted from the river habitat templet. 7 The observed species richness of aquatic beetles is low in habitat types with a low spatial–temporal variability, increases as spatial variability increases, and tends to be highest at intermediate temporal variability. This pattern matches predictions of the patch dynamics concept.