Peripheral and central effects of melatonin on blood pressure regulation.
Peripheral and central effects of melatonin on blood pressure regulation.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms151017920
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发表时间：
2014-10-08
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Simko F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pechanova O;Paulis L;Simko F
松果体激素褪黑激素（N-乙酰基-5-甲氧基色胺）显示出有效的受体依赖性和非依赖性作用，参与血压调节。褪黑激素的抗高血压作用已在实验和临床高血压中得到证实。受体依赖性效应主要通过 MT1 和 MT2 G 蛋白偶联受体介导。褪黑激素的多效性受体依赖性作用可能对血压产生影响，涉及活性氧 (ROS) 清除性质、几种抗氧化酶的激活和过度表达或其免受氧化损伤的保护以及提高线粒体电子传递链效率的能力。除了与血管系统的相互作用外，这种吲哚胺还可能通过与中枢神经系统（CNS）的相互作用发挥部分抗高血压作用。交感神经和副交感神经植物系统之间的失衡是高血压的重要病理生理障碍和治疗目标。褪黑激素在几个不同层面上对中枢神经系统具有保护作用：它可以减少自由基负担，改善内皮功能障碍，减少炎症，并改变交感神经和副交感神经系统之间的平衡，使其有利于副交感神经系统。在某些类型的高血压中观察到的血清褪黑激素水平升高可能是针对交感神经过度刺激的反调节适应性机制。由于褪黑激素对不同程度的高血压都有有利的作用，包括保护器官，并且副作用最小，因此它可能经常参与对抗这种广泛的心血管病理的斗争。
The pineal hormone, melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), shows potent receptor-dependent and -independent actions, which participate in blood pressure regulation. The antihypertensive effect of melatonin was demonstrated in experimental and clinical hypertension. Receptor-dependent effects are mediated predominantly through MT1 and MT2 G-protein coupled receptors. The pleiotropic receptor-independent effects of melatonin with a possible impact on blood pressure involve the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging nature, activation and over-expression of several antioxidant enzymes or their protection from oxidative damage and the ability to increase the efficiency of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Besides the interaction with the vascular system, this indolamine may exert part of its antihypertensive action through its interaction with the central nervous system (CNS). The imbalance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic vegetative system is an important pathophysiological disorder and therapeutic target in hypertension. Melatonin is protective in CNS on several different levels: It reduces free radical burden, improves endothelial dysfunction, reduces inflammation and shifts the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic system in favor of the parasympathetic system. The increased level of serum melatonin observed in some types of hypertension may be a counter-regulatory adaptive mechanism against the sympathetic overstimulation. Since melatonin acts favorably on different levels of hypertension, including organ protection and with minimal side effects, it could become regularly involved in the struggle against this widespread cardiovascular pathology.
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