Data center growth in the United States: decoupling the demand for services from electricity use
Data center growth in the United States: decoupling the demand for services from electricity use
复制标题
美国数据中心的增长：将服务需求与电力使用脱钩
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
J. Koomey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Arman Shehabi;S. Smith;E. Masanet;J. Koomey
数据中心是能源密集型建筑，其规模和数量不断增长，以满足数字经济日益增长的需求。本文提出了一个自下而上的模型来估计美国 20 年数据中心的电力需求，并研究了在不断变化的数据中心运营背景下观察到的和预测的电力使用趋势。结果表明，世纪之交电力需求迅速增长，但近年来已显着下降，年用电量几乎稳定在 700 亿千瓦时左右。虽然数据中心工作负载继续呈指数级增长，但通过采用关键的能源效率措施和转向大型云服务提供商，已经避免了电力需求的类似增长。该模型的替代预测表明，支持数据中心可能消耗的潜在电力范围很广，预计 2020 年美国数据中心工作负载需求需要的总用电量约为 1,350 亿千瓦时，具体取决于这十年间效率措施的采用率。虽然最近在数据中心能源效率方面的改进取得了成功，但 2020 年以后数据中心用电量的增长尚不确定，因为建模趋势表明过去的效率措施可能不足以满足未来数据中心的工作负载。结果表明，要成功稳定数据中心电力，就需要在数据中心效率方面进行新的创新，以进一步将电力需求与不断增长的数据中心服务需求脱钩。
Data centers are energy intensive buildings that have grown in size and number to meet the increasing demands of a digital economy. This paper presents a bottom-up model to estimate data center electricity demand in the United States over a 20 year period and examines observed and projected electricity use trends in the context of changing data center operations. Results indicate a rapidly increasing electricity demand at the turn of the century that has significantly subsided to a nearly steady annual electricity use of about 70 billion kWh in recent years. While data center workloads continue to grow exponentially, comparable increases in electricity demand have been avoided through the adoption of key energy efficiency measures and a shift towards large cloud-based service providers. Alternative projections from the model illustrate the wide range in potential electricity that could be consumed to support data centers, with the US data center workload demand estimated for 2020 requiring a total electricity use that varies by about 135 billion kWh, depending on the adoption rate of efficiency measures during this decade. While recent improvements in data center energy efficiency have been a success, the growth of data center electricity use beyond 2020 is uncertain, as modeled trends indicate that the efficiency measures of the past may not be enough for the data center workloads of the future. The results show that successful stabilization of data center electricity will require new innovations in data center efficiency to further decouple electricity demand from the ever-growing demand for data center services.