Learning and the development of habitat-specific bat echolocation
Learning and the development of habitat-specific bat echolocation
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.11.009
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发表时间：
2005-08
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Matthew A. Wund
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Matthew A. Wund
蝙蝠使用回声定位叫声，这种叫声适合在特定的栖息地觅食。许多多面手蝙蝠在开放和空间复杂的区域之间移动时，会改变它们的呼叫设计模式。这种可塑性可能会让他们对不同结构环境带来的感知挑战做出反应。我测试了蝙蝠学会发出这些特定于栖息地的叫声的假设。我记录了14只幼年小棕蝠的回声定位叫声和觅食成功的过程，它们在两种栖息地--开放空间和杂乱的空间--的大型飞行场地反复觅食。电话在不同的栖息地都是塑料的。此外，随着蝙蝠获得经验，它们在开阔和杂乱的栖息地处理中的觅食能力都显著提高。这些改进与开放栖息地回声定位行为的变化有关，这与蝙蝠在开放的环境中学习发出更有效的叫声的假设是一致的。尽管蝙蝠在杂乱的处理中改变了它们叫声的某些方面，但它们对竞技场空间的利用是觅食成功的最好预测因素。在竞技场中央觅食的蝙蝠更成功。当蝙蝠更换栖息地时，在露天的表现不会受到之前杂乱处理经验的影响。然而，之前经历过开放治疗的蝙蝠在杂乱的空间中觅食时，倾向于使用更开放的区域。这一结果从栖息地选择的角度进行了讨论。
Bats use echolocation calls that are suited for foraging in particular habitats. Many generalist bats alter their call design patterns as they move between open and spatially complex areas. This plasticity probably allows them to respond to the perceptual challenges posed by different structural environments. I tested the hypothesis that bats learn to produce these habitat-specific calls. I recorded the echolocation calls and foraging success of 14 juvenile little brown bats, Myotis lucifugus, as they foraged repeatedly in a large flight arena in two habitat treatments: open space and cluttered space. Calls were plastic across habitats. Furthermore, as bats gained experience, their foraging performance improved significantly in both open and cluttered habitat treatments. These improvements were related to changes in echolocation behaviour within the open habitat, which is consistent with the hypothesis that bats learn to produce more efficient calls in the open. Although the bats changed some aspects of their calls in the cluttered treatment, their use of space in the arena was the best predictor of foraging success. Bats that foraged in the centre of the arena were more successful. When bats switched habitat treatments, performance in the open was not affected by previous experience in the cluttered treatment. Bats that had previously experienced the open treatment, however, tended to use a more ‘open-area’ call when foraging in cluttered space. This result is discussed in light of habitat selection in young M. lucifugus.