3.5 billion years of glass bioalteration: Volcanic rocks as a basis for microbial life?
3.5 billion years of glass bioalteration: Volcanic rocks as a basis for microbial life?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.earscirev.2008.04.005
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发表时间：
2008-08
影响因子：
12.1
通讯作者：
H. Staudigel;H. Furnes;N. McLoughlin;N. Banerjee;L. Connell;A. Templeton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Staudigel;H. Furnes;N. McLoughlin;N. Banerjee;L. Connell;A. Templeton
来自海底的火山玻璃的蚀变结构分为两类，一类是非生物/扩散水合作用和化学交换，另一类可能是由微生物、空洞形成、一致溶解引起的。玻璃生物蚀变在世界大洋的海底熔岩中很常见，主要分布在大洋地壳的上300米，并在所有保存完好的蛇绿岩和绿岩带中发现，其历史可追溯到3.5 Ga。它可能产生全球生物量和地球化学通量的很大一部分，并与地球上最早生命的发展有关。我们提出了一个关键的审查有关这些玻璃生物蚀变纹理和提出新的数据，他们的微化学环境。我们探讨他们的生物成因的参数，并进一步发展的流行模式，其形成相关的腐蚀形态的微生物溶解的机制。生物蚀变产生明显的微米级颗粒状和管状结构。粒状玻璃的改变可以很好地解释为，在其接触区域中选择性溶解玻璃的微生物定植，沿着沿着玻璃表面形成微米尺寸空腔的海绵状互连网络。同时，管状改变更可能是由丝状细胞延伸引起的，其过程类似于真菌在土壤中挖掘隧道和海洋碳酸盐。虽然我们看到了真菌溶解行为的明显功能相似性，但我们不知道是否涉及真菌或原核生物。然而，这种功能限制最终可能有助于识别负责这些特征的潜在微生物，可能包括真核生物或原核生物。然而，我们警告说，这些生物可能难以识别和研究，因为它们可能分布稀疏，生长缓慢，难以培养。
Alteration textures in volcanic glass from the seafloor fall into two classes, one suggestive of abiotic/diffusive hydration and chemical exchange, and another likely to be caused by microbial, cavity-forming, congruent dissolution. Glass bioalteration is common in submarine lavas throughout the world's ocean, dominant in the upper 300 m of the oceanic crust, and found in all well-preserved ophiolites and greenstone belts dating back to 3.5 Ga. It may yield a significant fraction of the global biomass and geochemical fluxes and is relevant to the development of the earliest life on Earth. We present a critical review concerning these glass bioalteration textures and present new data on their microchemical environment. We explore arguments for their biogenicity and further develop the prevalent model for their formation by relating corrosion morphology to the mechanism of microbial dissolution. Biological alteration produces conspicuous micron-scale granular and tubular textures. Granular glass alteration is well explained by colonizing microbes that selectively dissolve the glass in their contact area, forming a sponge-like interconnected network of micron-sized cavities along glass surfaces. Tubular alteration meanwhile, is more likely to be caused by filamentous cell extensions in a process similar to fungal tunneling of soil feldspars and marine carbonates. While we see clear functional similarities to fungal dissolution behavior, we do not know whether fungal or prokaryotic organisms are involved. However, this functional constraint may eventually help to identify potential microbes responsible for these features, potentially including eukaryotic or prokaryotic organisms. Yet, we caution that these organisms may be difficult to identify and to study, because they are likely to be sparsely distributed, slow growing, and difficult to cultivate.