Attentional enhancement via selection and pooling of early sensory responses in human visual cortex.
Attentional enhancement via selection and pooling of early sensory responses in human visual cortex.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuron.2011.09.025
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发表时间：
2011-12-08
期刊：
影响因子：
16.2
通讯作者：
Gardner JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pestilli F;Carrasco M;Heeger DJ;Gardner JL
为了描述注意力提高行为表现的计算过程，我们在人类进行焦点注意和分散注意的对比度辨别任务时，用功能性磁共振成像测量了视觉皮层的活动。焦点注意使行为表现有了显著提高，同时伴随着皮层反应的增强。通过定量分析，我们确定如果行为表现仅仅受所测量的感觉信号的敏感度限制，那么行为表现的提高将对应于反应变异性的不切实际的大幅（约400%）降低。相反，行为表现可以通过一个汇聚和选择过程很好地描述，在这个过程中，最大的感觉反应，即那些受注意力强烈调节的反应，主导了知觉决策。这一描述预测，引发大的感觉反应的高对比度干扰物应该对行为表现有负面影响。我们对这一预测进行了测试并证实了它。我们得出结论，注意力主要通过能够有效选择与行为相关的感觉信号来提高行为表现。
To characterize the computational processes by which attention improves behavioral performance, we measured activity in visual cortex with functional magnetic resonance imaging as humans performed a contrast-discrimination task with focal and distributed attention. Focal attention yielded robust improvements in behavioral performance that were accompanied by increases in cortical responses. Using a quantitative analysis, we determined that if performance were limited only by the sensitivity of the measured sensory signals, the improvements in behavioral performance would have corresponded to an unrealistically large (approximately 400%) reduction in response variability. Instead, behavioral performance was well characterized by a pooling and selection process for which the largest sensory responses, those most strongly modulated by attention, dominated the perceptual decision. This characterization predicts that high contrast distracters that evoke large sensory responses should have a negative impact on behavioral performance. We tested and confirmed this prediction. We conclude that attention enhanced behavioral performance predominantly by enabling efficient selection of the behaviorally relevant sensory signals.
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