Visual Analogy, Visual Displays, and the Nature of Design Problems: The Effect of Expertise
Visual Analogy, Visual Displays, and the Nature of Design Problems: The Effect of Expertise
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视觉类比、视觉显示和设计问题的本质：专业知识的影响
DOI：
10.1068/b35073
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
H. Casakin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Casakin
类比是解决问题的有力启发式方法。在设计中，设计师经常接触到视觉刺激，视觉类比被认为是特别有用的。然而，迄今为止，很少有研究者对设计语境中的视觉类比和视觉显示给予足够的重视。本研究通过调查在不明确和明确的问题解决中专业知识对这些工具的影响来处理这些工具的使用。新手和有经验的设计师通过视觉展示和使用视觉类比的要求来解决这两类设计问题。结果表明，当有视觉显示和使用类比的指导时，在明确定义的问题解决方面不存在专业差异。然而，由于只有视觉展示，建筑师往往比学生表现得更好。在没有使用类比的指导下，学生发现很难自发地回忆起在定义明确的问题中作为候选类比的视觉显示。在解决不明确的问题时，建筑师在类比和视觉展示的使用上都比新手表现得更好。然而，在这个问题背景下，在任何实验条件下，经验丰富的设计师和高级学生之间都没有发现差异。
Analogy is a powerful heuristic for problem solving. In design, where designers are constantly exposed to visual stimuli, visual analogies are considered to be particularly helpful. To date, however, few researchers have given enough attention to visual analogy and visual displays in design contexts. This study deals with the use of these tools by investigating the effect that expertise has on them, in ill-defined and well-defined problem solving. Novice and experienced designers solved both types of design problem with exposure to visual displays and with the requirement to use visual analogy. Results showed that when visual displays and instructions to use analogy were available no expertise differences existed in well-defined problem solving. However, with the availability of only visual displays, architects tend to perform better than students. Without guidance to use analogy, students found difficulty in spontaneous recall of visual displays as candidate analogues in well-defined problems. In ill-defined problem solving, architects performed better than novice students in the use of both analogy and visual displays. However, no differences were found between the experienced designers and the advanced students in any experimental condition in this problem context.
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
GENTNER, D
通讯作者：
GENTNER, D