Innovations for child witnesses - A national survey
Innovations for child witnesses - A national survey
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DOI：
10.1037//1076-8971.5.2.255
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发表时间：
1999-06-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Shapiro, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goodman, GS;Quas, JA;Shapiro, C
对涉及法律的案件的儿童受害者提出了许多创新的程序改革。在这项研究中，全国153个地区检察官办公室接受了关于他们使用创新的调查，他们对创新有效性的看法，他们选择不使用创新的原因，以及与儿童证人一起使用的辩护策略。检察官还被问及他们遇到的儿童作证的案件类型。检察官报告说，他们主要使用廉价、易于实施的创新，这些创新通常也被认为有助于减少儿童的创伤和增加有罪的结果。检察官报告说，他们很少使用专家证人，也很少使用改变儿童接受采访或作证方式的创新方法。儿童作证的最常见类型的案件涉及性虐待。常见的防御策略，以挑战儿童的可信度有关的易消化性，不准确的记忆，辅导，并在报告虐待的延迟。结果进行了讨论，需要增加对儿童证人的程序改革的社会科学研究。
Numerous innovative procedural reforms have been proposed concerning child victims involved in legal cases. In this study, 153 district attorney offices nationwide were surveyed about their use of innovations, their perceptions of the innovations' effectiveness, reasons why they opt not to utilize innovations, and defense strategies used with child witnesses. Prosecutors were also asked about the type of cases they encountered in which children testified. Prosecutors reported mainly using inexpensive, easy-to-implement innovations, which were also typically rated as helpful in reducing children's trauma and enhancing guilty outcomes. Prosecutors reported rarely using expert witnesses and innovations that altered how children were interviewed or how they testified. The most common types of cases in which children testified involved sexual abuse. Frequent defense strategies to challenge child credibility concerned suggestibility, inaccurate memory, coaching, and delays in reporting abuse. Results are discussed in relation to the need for increased social science research on procedural reforms for child witnesses.