CROW: A Low-Cost Substrate for Improving DRAM Performance, Energy Efficiency, and Reliability
CROW: A Low-Cost Substrate for Improving DRAM Performance, Energy Efficiency, and Reliability
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CROW：一种用于提高 DRAM 性能、能源效率和可靠性的低成本基板
DOI：
10.1145/3307650.3322231
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
O. Mutlu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hasan Hassan;Minesh Patel;Jeremie S. Kim;A. G. Yaglikçi;Nandita Vijaykumar;Nika Mansouri;Saugata Ghose;O. Mutlu
几十年来，DRAM一直是主存架构的主导技术。多核系统设计和大数据集应用的最新趋势放大了DRAM作为关键系统瓶颈的作用。我们提出了复制行DRAM(Crow)，这是一种灵活的基板，可以实现新的机制来提高DRAM的性能、能效和可靠性。我们使用Crow基板实现1)低成本的DRAM内缓存机制，将频繁访问行的DRAM激活延迟降低38%；2)避免使用短保留时间行的机制，以降低DRAM刷新操作的性能和能量开销。Crow的灵活性允许同时实现这两种机制。我们的评估表明，对于内存密集型四核工作负载，这两种机制协同提高了20.0%的系统性能和22.3%的DRAM能耗，而对于一个特定的实现，DRAM芯片的额外面积开销和内存控制器的11.3KiB存储开销，以及1.6%的DRAM存储容量消耗。
DRAM has been the dominant technology for architecting main memory for decades. Recent trends in multi-core system design and large-dataset applications have amplified the role of DRAM as a critical system bottleneck. We propose Copy-Row DRAM (CROW), a flexible substrate that enables new mechanisms for improving DRAM performance, energy efficiency, and reliability. We use the CROW substrate to implement 1) a low-cost in-DRAM caching mechanism that lowers DRAM activation latency to frequently-accessed rows by 38% and 2) a mechanism that avoids the use of short-retention-time rows to mitigate the performance and energy overhead of DRAM refresh operations. CROW's flexibility allows the implementation of both mechanisms at the same time. Our evaluations show that the two mechanisms synergistically improve system performance by 20.0% and reduce DRAM energy by 22.3% for memory-intensive four-core workloads, while incurring 0.48% extra area overhead in the DRAM chip and 11.3KiB storage overhead in the memory controller, and consuming 1.6% of DRAM storage capacity, for one particular implementation.
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
--
影响因子：
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作者：
Yuan Xiao;Xiaokuan Zhang;Yinqian Zhang;R. Teodorescu
通讯作者：
Yuan Xiao;Xiaokuan Zhang;Yinqian Zhang;R. Teodorescu